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On the basis of 4000 phytosociological surveys taken using the Braun-Blanquet method, it was found that Lolium perenne occurs in meadow-pasture communities of 5 phytosociological classes, namely: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Phragmitetea, Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentic, Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae and Agropyretea intermedio-repentis. The highest proportion of this species occurred in Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, which is associated with site conditions and the level of utilisation. The share of Lolium perenne in the identified communities showed variations between river valleys. It was found to occur most frequently and numerously in valleys of such smaller rivers as: the Barycz, the Rów Ostroroski, the Mogilnica, the Sama Szamotulska. The development of degradation forms of communities in the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class containing Lolium perenne was associated mainly with the impact of the anthropogenic factor, in particular with limited fertilisation and grazing (sometimes with its complete abandonment). In communities of the remaining classes, the factor limiting the share of Lolium perenne was site conditions, primarily poor soil fertility and different ways of utilisation. In areas situated at foothills and seaside, Lolium perenne occurs less frequently and at a lower share in meadow-pasture communities, which can be associated with utilisation intensity and non-forage functions.
The paper presents the characteristics of Sudeten grasslands (species composition, floral diversity and habitat parameters) from the perspective of diversified management. On the sites examined, hay meadows were found with Arrhenatheretum elatioris, variant with Trisetum flavescens and pastures of Lolio-Cynosuretum. Mowing and grazing promoted floristic diversity. There were few grass species. On the sites examined, the share of tall grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Alopecurus pratensis) was high. There were many species of dicotyledons (including leguminous plants). The pasture was characterized by a larger quantity of total grasses, with a larger share of low grasses (Cynosurus cristatus, Trisetum flavescens, Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris) along with grazing species (Trifolium repens, Alchemilla monticola, Carum carvi and Leontodon autumnalis). Both meadow and pasture were dominated by ground-level budding plants (hemicryptophytes) with a share of about 80%. Differences occurred in remaining life forms: the meadows contained larger quantities of one-year plants (terophytes). Dominating in both cases were species of plants preferring moderate light (76 to 79%). However, meadows contained more species requiring full light, and pastures contained more numerous species growing in partial shade. Pastures contained slightly more species with high water requirements. These species grew mainly in moist areas. Meadows had a greater share of mesotrophic species, pastures had a greater share of eutrophic species.
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