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Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious, acute disease of the respiratory system in chickens worldwide. Clinically the disease may occur in a wide range of severity - from subacute to peracute form. Latency of the ILT virus is commonly observed in the course of this disease. In this study special attention was paid to describing the latency of the ILT virus, its mechanisms, and dangerous consequences. Live attenuated vaccines are commonly used in the immunoprophylaxis against the ILT which, despite their effectiveness, have a number of shortcomings. One of them is the possibility of virulence reversion of the vaccine virus strains, which can directly cause the outbreak of the disease. Considering the above, it seems necessary to improve the current immunoprophylaxis strategies with the use of new, safer and equally efficient vaccines. This article presents the basic advantages and disadvantages of the future vaccines against the ILT i.a. vector vaccines as well as the DNA vaccines. High hopes are associated with the results of the research on the development of a gene deletion vaccine. This vaccine seems to achieve the requirements for the ideal vaccines (high immunogenicity, manageability, lack of reversion of the virulence).
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a disease that causes high death losses in susceptible poultry. In autumn 2007, a number of live and dead chickens from a Crested Polish breeding of 150 birds were submitted to the Institute of Poultry Diseases. Clinically, the affected birds showed severe symptoms of respiratory system irritation (gasping, difficulties in breathing, wheezing), whereas at necropsy, haemorrhagic inflammation of the mucosa of the larynx and of the upper part of the trachea was noted. Pathologically changed segments of the respiratory system and swabs from the buccal cavity were taken for laboratory examination. Histopathological examination of cell nuclei in the affected respiratory tract revealed Seifried intranuclear inclusion bodies that are characteristic of ILT. Virological examination of the chorionic-allantoic membrane in 11-day chicken embryos showed changes typical for ILT virus replication in the first passage. The presence of viral DNA was detected by the PCR method in all samples from swabs, chorionic-allantoic membrane, and segments of the trachea. The disease outbreak was caused by the introduction of vaccinated birds into a non-vaccinated flock.
CPIV-2 and CAY-2 antigens were prepared by the multiplication of the viruses in Vero and MDCK cell lines. Two hundred and ninety sera, including 45 sera collected from dogs under 3 months of life, were tested by the hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). 34.3% out of 245 adult dog sera reacted with CPIV-2 and 31.8% reacted with CAV-2. The percentage of animals seropositive to CPIV-2 and CAV-2 among young dogs was 42.2% and 48.9%, respectively. The HI titres with CPIV-2 ranged from 40 to 160, and with CAV-2 from 10 to 80.
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