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Our society is becoming more environmently senstive. There is a portion of population that perceives turfgrass management as a waste of resources and damaging to the environment. There is need to minimize the total expense of lawn management and to conserve water. In near future there will be an increasing market for low-maintenance turfgrass. The evaluation of turf quality of 11 ecotypes from genus Koeleria were taken in turf experiment. Further, two selected ecotypes were evaluated in extensively treated turf experiment (low fertilisation, water deficit) with special close mowing to provoke water deficit damage. Turf quality of junegrass ecotypes was similar to the quality of kentucky bluegrass, red fescue and perennial ryegrass and sward density variation of junegrass were smaller than in other tested species. Response of junegrass plants to water deficit was very fast and plants turn brown and become dormant after 15 days of drought. After 7 days of water application dormant plants turn back green to initial condition (i.e. condition before the drought period) same as sheep fescue (cv. Gabi), chewings fescue (cv. Nimba), strong creeping red fescue and perennial ryegrass varicties. It was concluded that Koeleria can partially escape droughts by reducing leaf and relying on dormant stage to enable rapid regeneration when rain falls. It could become valuable component of grass mixtures for sites with water deficit.
There was noticed the best pasture surface cover in the year of experiment establishment. Turfness of pasture with Poa pratensis in the sward was better than in pasture with Lolium perenne content, except the turfness in sowing year. That time, fast growing perennial ryegrass was a predominant species in the sward. High soil moisture was conductive to expansion of Lolium perenne. However, observations carried out in autumn confirmed higher values of pasture surface cover. It was a result of progressive development of Poa pratensis and high regenerating ability of Lolium perenne. Grass-clover mixtures in both experiments covered pasture surface better than grass mixtures. There were noticed significant differences between turfness in grass and grass-clover treatments with Anda and Alice white clover cultivars, under Poa pratensis experiment and in relation to treatments with Armena and Alice white clover cultivars under Lolium perenne pasture. Content of white clover in pasture cover during spring and autumn was not as high as in sown mixtures, but amount of this species in the sward increased during warmer part of vegetative season. Presence of white clover in the sward ensured better turfness productivity of pasture. Results of carried out studies confirmed direct proportional relationship between pasture surface cover and productivity of pasture. Productivity of grass-clover sward was similar to productivity of grass sward, fertilized with nitrogen in dose of 80 kg ha⁻¹. Higher nitrogen fertilization was detrimental to pasture cover and its productivity under postboggy habitat.
The aim of studies was to evaluate the performance value of domestic cultivars of Lolium perenne on a base of area sodding uniformity under conditions of different number of cuttings during vegetation period. Studies were performed in 1996-2000. Experiments were set on light mineral soil by means of randomized block in four replications. The soil was characterized with neutral reaction (pHKCI 6.9). Contents of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium forms were: 82, 166 and 52 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. Following cultivars of L. perenne were subjected to studies: ‘Gazon’, ‘Nira’, ‘Niga’, ‘Inka’ and ‘Stadion’. Two variants of cutting frequency were applied in experiments. In the first variant A (intensive), number of cuts depending on study year was 23-26 and mineral fertilization was applied at rates: N - 240, P - 39.2, K - 121.2 kg ha⁻¹. In variant B (extensive), there were 6-10 cuts and mineral fertilization was applied at rates: N - 60, P - 17.5, K - 40 kg ha⁻¹. During vegetation in years of full performance, sodding assessment was done according to 1-9 grade COBORU scale. Study results revealed that sodding of L. perenne cultivars was variable both in years and in particular terms of observation during vegetation period.
Koeleria species are long-lived bunchgrass native to North America, Eurasia and Africa. Found through open prairie and parkland regions, but less common in open-bush areas. Above genus is considered to be a morphologically complicated one and it is difficult to find any useful characters for discrimination of either the species or the infraspecific taxa (FREY, 1993). The aim of above studies was to define variability of some ecotypes from genus Koeleria for the purpose of further work on selecting material as a turf grass. The analysis of phenological and morphological variation of 11 ecotypes of three species: Koeleria macrantha, Koeleria pyramidata, Koeleria vallesiana were carried on. It was concluded that ecotypes from Koeleria pyramidata are the most homogenous group from all examined. Two groups in Koeleria macrantha species wcre selected on the basis of heading date: very early and very late (difference of mean heading date between – 6.3). Variation observed in three Koeleria species is essential to further experiments and creation of forms with expected turf quality.
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Agrogeotechniczne umacnianie skarp budowli ziemnych

75%
Arogeotechnical improvement of earth structure slopes. The paper presents the problem of slope stability of embankments covered with vegetations. The main issue to introduce vegetation ontoo slopes is the adequate compaction of built-in soils. Plants selection for slope stability ought to be adjusted to a kind of soils and side of slope. Improper soil preparation can cause intensive accelerated erosion on slopes. Slope stability should be analyzed taking into consideration the infl uence of existing vegetations. The presented results shows that simple activity like vegetation establishment can increase the factor of safety by as much as 20%.
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