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Yields of oilseed rape harvested by farmers in Poland are usually much below the attainable potential of currently cultivated varieties, mainly because of the insufficient supply of nutrients during the yield foundation period, which determines the final number of secondary branches. This situation is typical of whole Poland, but may take place even on farms where high yields are harvested, for example in 2007. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, the year effect of multi-micronutrient fertilizers on yield of seeds, elements of yield structure and macronutrient content was studied. Multi-micronutrient fertilizers were applied twice over oilseed rape foliage during its pre-anthesis growth (BBCH45 and 53). In 2007, due to a drought in April, the harvested yields of seeds were below the country’s average. However, in each year of the study, a significant increase in the seed yield owing to the foliar application of multi-micronutrient fertilizers was found. The increase in the yield of seeds, averaged for the three years, reached 0.486 t ha–1 for the NPK+MiMo treatment (full set of micronutrients) and 0.36 t ha–1 for the NPK + Mi treatment (without molybdenum). The increments of the oilseed rape yield resulted from an increased number of developed secondary branches. This yield-forming element was an indirect result of the application of multi-micronutrient fertilizers, which affected the nitrogen economy by oilseed rape plants during the foundation period of their growth. At the same time, the increase in seed yield was significantly modified by the total number of developed pods, which is shaped during the yield-forming period of oilseed rape crop growth. Under conditions of the study, the magnesium content in secondary branches was found to be an element significantly correcting their number, thus increasing the yield of seeds.
Five sugar beet cultivars and three levels of foliar treatments (control, Humix universal plus and Biafit Gold) were examined in the field trial without irrigation founded in the years 2005-2007 on experimental base of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra in Dolna Malanta. The influence of weather condition on all the observed parameters was statistically highly significant. The used bioactive leaf preparations increased root yield, digestion and refined sugar content. Biafit Gold had positive impact on root yield and Humix universal plus on digestion and refined sugar content (statistically not significant). Cultivar had statistically high significant influence on all the observed parameters.
The influence of year, weather conditions, cultivars and variants of Atonik and Polybor 150 applications on sugar beet root yield and digestion was observed in field polyfactorial trial. We observed that the most optimal variant for yield (58.87 t·ha-1) and digestion (19.90°S) was the variant C (Atonik: 0.4 dm3·ha-1 - 2. post-emergence herbicide application + Atonik + Polybor 150: 0.6 + 2.5 dm3·ha-1 - 3. postemergence herbicide application + Atonik + Polybor 150: 0.6 + 2.5 dm3·ha-1 - 1. fungicide treatment). Significant root yield values achieved the cv. Flair (+ 1.28 t·ha-1 compared with Swing) and digestion values achieved the cv. Swing (+ 0.26°S compared with cv. Flair). The highest root yield (70.68 t·ha-1) and digestion (24.85°S) were achieved in 2002 and 2004 at the cv. Swing.
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