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Wood-based panels for land transport uses

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Wood-based panels are widely used in the transport sector, thanks in particular to their properties in terms of lightness and mechanical strength. Furthermore, they offer additional benefits, such as sound insulation or fire resistance. The present paper takes into account the different wood-based panels used for building the main typologies of land transport vehicles: buses and cars, trucks and other commercial vehicles, motorhomes and caravans, and railways vehicles. The aim here is to give an overview of these products, their historical and current uses, as well as taking into account future developments.
In recent years a reduced weight cell panel, whose trade mark is Dendrolight, has gained worldwide recognition thanks to the opening of an experimental factory in Austria and the start-up of a new industrial factory in Latvia with manufacturing capacity of 65 thousand m3 cell board material per year. Hitherto the internal layer of cell panel of cellular wood material type has been produced mainly from softwoods like Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) or Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) covered with plywood, solid wood, particleboard or other material. The reduced weight cell panel has many applications in the furniture industry, internal cladding, door production, the transport manufacturing industry, and possibly in the construction panel production. The essential goal of the research was to identify possible applications of aspen (Populus tremula L.) wood, which is a common broad-leaved tree in Latvia, as an alternative material to Norway spruce in the production of reduced weight cell panel. The aim of the initial research was to investigate some physical and mechanical properties of aspen cell panel covered with aspen and plywood as well as to compare these physical and mechanical properties with the properties of wood-based panels. The following raw materials were used: finger jointed aspen for internal layer; finger jointed aspen and three-layer birch plywood for external layer; polyurethane and polyvinylacetate adhesives for internal and external layer gluing. Tests of obtained aspen panel were carried out in accordance with current test standards for testing of panel and timber properties. The following panel parameters were determined: moisture content, density, swelling in thickness after 24-hour immersion in water, tensile strength, three-point bending strength and modulus of elasticity, and four-point bending strength. A relevant conclusion: panels of cellular wood material type produced from aspen wood have similar physical and mechanical properties to such cell panels produced from spruce wood.
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