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Background. Menopause, also referred to as climacterium, is a period of multiple changes in the structure and functions of a woman organism. Objective. Determination of differences in body composition and fatty tissue distribution in women from groups discriminated based on their menstrual status. Material and Methods. The survey covered 312 women aged 38-75 years. Menstrual status of the surveyed women was established according to WHO guidelines based on answers to a questionnaire, and three groups were discriminated: women in the premenopausal period (group 1), in the perimenopausal period (group 2), and in the postmenopausal period (group 3). The following anthropomological measurements were taken: body height, body mass, waist and hip circumference, and thickness of 6 skinfolds. Their results enabled evaluating the somatic built of women in the separated groups. Fatty tissue distribution was determined based on TER distribution index calculated as a ratio of the sum of trunk skinfolds (TSS) to the sum of extremity skinfolds (ESS). Body composition of the women, including percentage of body fat, lean body mass, soft tissue mass, and total body water, was assessed using an IOI 353 analyzer by JAWON MEDICAL. In addition, percentages of women with underweight, normal content of fatty tissue, and these with overweight and obesity were calculated. The WHR index was computed in the case of obese women. Results. The highest values of body mass, hip circumference and most of the skinfolds were determined in the perimenopausal group, whereas the postmenopausal women were characterized by the highest percentage of body fat (PBF) and by the lowest contents of lean tissue, soft tissue, and total water content in the body. The highest percentage of obese women was found in the postmenopausal group, including 40% of them having visceral type obesity. The occurrence of the menopause contributed to changes in fatty tissue distribution, causing its shift from extremities toward the trunk. Conclusions. The study showed differences in the somatic built and body composition in groups of women distinguished based on their menstrual status.
Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifests itself with various symptoms, therefore it interests representatives of many medical specializations: general practitioners, gynecologists, endocrinologists, dermatologists, cardiologists and those who deal with metabolic disorders, such as dieticians. Objective. The aim of this study was perform the qualitative assessment of components of diets of women with PCOS as one of the major factor contributing to the disease. Material and Methods. The study was performed on 54 women of childbearing age with PCOS diagnosed according to on the Rotterdam criteria. Qualitative assessment of the diets on the basis of 216 menus was performed based on the analysis of 3-day food diaries and food records taken from the last 24-hour dietary interview. Diets quality assessment was made using three types of point tests: Szewczyński’s Diets’ classification (SDC), Bielińska’s Test with Kulesza’s modification (BTK), Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI). Results. Average waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) was above the standard 0.91± 0.08 and 29.16 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Qualitative analysis performed with point tests SDC, BT-K and HDI revealed that the majority of the diets were composed inappropriately, containing many mistakes. Statistically significant correlations (Pearson’s) were determined between HDI test and the body weight and BMI. When analyzing the type of the meals also the correlations (Spearman’s) between BMI and BMI category in BT-K test. Conclusions. Mistakes in diets of women with PCOS are the cause of metabolic disorders related to improper function of ovaries. Native test BT-K seems to be a better method then test SDC and probably HDI of assessing diet in women with PCOS from Poland.
The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in online shopping behaviour between women and men. While gender is an important factor that affects purchasing behaviour it is still a poorly described construct, especially in the e-commerce market. This paper focuses on examining three areas: the sources of website visits, the infrastructure used to browse Internet resources and the activity on the website in case of the gardening sector (gender neutral). The activities of 352,971 people in the period from 1st October 2016 to 1st October 2017 were analysed. The results demonstrate that online shoppers behave similarly in many areas regardless of gender.
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Background. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women in Poland. To reduce the risk of breast cancer, appropriate prevention is necessary. Numerous studies conducted over many years in Poland and throughout the world have demonstrated a significant effect of selenium on prevention of disease, including breast cancer in women. The following paper aims to present the literature on effects of selenium (Se) on prevention of breast cancer in women. Material and methods. Based on national and international literature, the paper presents information on the role of selenium (Se) in prevention of breast cancer in women. Results. Numerous studies conducted in research centres in Poland and abroad have shown that female patients with breast cancer and individuals with gastrointestinal cancer have significantly lower selenium concentration in their blood serum and whole blood, as well as significantly lower GSH - Px activity in plasma and red blood cells, compared to healthy women. Low selenium concentration may indicate an increased risk of breast cancer. Selenium is an essential co-factor in the production of antioxidant enzymes and may affect the development of cancer. Clinical trials which assessed selenium content in food showed that its supplementation reduced cancer mortality. Conclusions. Results of numerous national and prospective international studies indicate that low selenium intake and/or concentration in serum/plasma/nails is a high-risk marker of the majority of cancers, including breast cancer in women.
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Physical activity in perimenopausal women

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Introduction. The menopausal age of women is characterized by a high probability of health problems related with oestrogen deficiency and reduced ovarian hormonal activity. The most significant element in the therapy of the menopausal problems is to take part in physical activity on at least a moderate level, which is sufficient to maintain health. Objective. To investigate the effect of physical activity on the severity of the symptoms of menopause and body mass index BMI, which can decisively influence menopause. Material and methods. A group of respondents consisting of 210 women aged between 45–65 who were not using hormone replacement therapy, and staying at a rehabilitation centre. The study was conducted in 2013–2014 in the provinces of Silesia, Podlasie and Malopolska. Research tools consisted of a self-designed survey questionnaire and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Results. Mean BMI indicated overweight of the women and their infrequency and low level participation in physical activity. The intensity of menopausal symptoms increased with BMI, and low physical activity of the respondents decreased with age. Increase in the intensity of physical activity decreased the severity of symptoms characteristic for menopausal age. Conclusions. Physical activity can play an important role in reducing menopausal symptoms and preventing the most frequently occurring diseases of menopausal age.
Even though much has been written on the aetiology of globus pharyngeus, it still remains elusive and multifactorial. We present a case of a 54-year-old woman who was referred by an orthopedist to the radiology department with a 6-day history of an intense feeling of “pressure” and “tightness” in the jugular notch. After performing a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, a phlebectasia of the right anterior jugular vein was discovered. When trying to determine the cause of the globus sensation one has to consider the possible existence of a phlebectasia of one of the jugular veins. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 278–280)
In modern social and economic conditions the condition of genesial health (further - GH) the female population remains to one of the most acute medico-social problems, being a national security prominent aspect. Research objective: scientifically to justify a complex of the preventive actions referred on optimization of medico sanitary maintenance of women working on chemical synthesis. Materials and methods: work is based on the systemic approach to a studied problem. Following methods are applied: sanitary-and-hygienic and sanitary-statistical. Effect of factors of industrial medium were evaluated on value of hygienic parameters in premises of shops of Open Society «Grodno Nitrogen» in a place of work of the patients, received at realization of gauging at the next certification of jobs for working conditions. For an estimation of condition GH of working women of chemical synthesis results of periodic medical examination and a condition of a case rate with time disablement (further - TD) during 2008-2012 are studied. At studying of a condition of genesial health of women working on Open Society «Grodno Nitrogen» it is established, that their professional work in the conditions of effect of harmful production factors of the chemical, physical and psycho physiological nature is accompanied by its aggravation that is shown by growth of a gynecologic and extra genital case rate, and also an obstetric pathology including with temporary disablement. For prophylaxis of disturbances GH of the yielded contingent of working women introduction of a complex of sanitary-and-hygienic, socially-hygienic, treatment-prophylactic actions is necessary.
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