The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on May 8, 1980 that the smallpox virus (VARV) had been eradicated from the environment. This was possible after the spectacular success of the Intensified Smallpox Eradication Program initiated in 1967 by WHO. In this mini review the history of smallpox variolation and vaccination is summarized. The status quo in this matter is discussed as well as the hypothetical situation connected with the possibility of the reintroduction of VARV to nature. Some attention is given to Dr. Edward Jenner (1749-1823), the father of immunology and one of the world’s greatest scientific visionaries who was well ahead of his time.
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