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1
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Zagrozenia zdrowotne zwiazane z wirusem ptasiej grypy

100%
Brydak L. B.
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
|
2007
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
81-84
2

Ptasia grypa - aspekty epidemiologiczne

86%
Samorek-Salamonowicz E., Czekaj A., Kozdrun W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 05
488-492
Influenza, which affects people and animals, is caused by type A influenza viruses, a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The viruses are characterized by a considerable antigen variability. Two kinds of the variability are known: antigenic shift and antigenic drift. Type A viruses appear in populations of birds worldwide. They may be pathogenic for some birds and non-pathogenic for others. Infected wild water fowl, migratory and marine birds which show no clinical signs are the largest natural reservoir for all types of influenza viruses and they are the main source of infection for domestic birds and other animals. The influenza is zoonosis. H5N1 influenza virus strain was initially transmitted directly to humans in Asia in 1997. The virus has subsequently appeared at the end of 2003 in Hong Kong and it has been diffused to several countries of Asia. According to WHO, the total number of affected persons in these countries on December 07, 2005 was 137 of which 70 of them died. In 2005 avian influenza was noticed in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania and Turkey. In these countries no infections in humans were observed. According to WHO, FAO and OIE the avian influenza appearing in many Asian countries and expanding to the West is a serious threat for human health.
3

Zapobieganie ptasiej grypie - kilka praktycznych informacji

86%
Szafranski K.
Magazyn Przemysłu Mięsnego
|
2006
|
nr 04
4

Niektore nowe dane dotyczace wirusologii

86%
Larski Z.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
1998
|
tom 54
|
nr 07
435-439
5

Refleksje nad zwalczaniem grypy ptakow

86%
Lis H.
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2006
|
tom 81
|
nr 06
420-422
6

Rola dzikich ptakow wedrownych w rozprzestrzenianiu wirusow grypy ptakow

72%
Truszczynski M., Samorek-Salamonowicz E.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 07
853-857
The characteristics of the avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been presented, including their classification, structure and variability mechanisms. Depending on their pathogenicity they were divided into highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) pathotypes. The definition of avian influenza according to the directive of the European Union was cited, indicating, among others, that HP strains emerge exclusively from H5 and H7 subtypes. The change takes place in poultry and not in wild birds. The outbreak of HPAI H5N1 in South East Asia at the end of 2003, which spread during subsequent years to Asia, Europe and Africa, has put an increased focus on wild, migratory birds that participated each in year seasonal flights. The cited literature indicates that these birds, representing a very large number of species, are carriers of LPAI strains, not being pathogenic for poultry and man. However, if these birds, particularly ducks, survive infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza strains they are able to fly for long distances, while simultaneously being carriers of HPAI H5N1. In such cases they may spread the pathogenic virus intercontinentally. Because of the difficulties in identification of carriership of avian influenza viruses in migrating birds, their role in spreading HPAI H5N1 is not fully clear and needs further investigation. According to the present point of view the probability of causing avian influenza in poultry in connection with migratory birds ranges from low to high with a high degree of uncertainly. The risk of infection of poultry kept in free-range conditions is high with a medium uncertainty of infection and disease.
7

Wirusy grypy ptaków - molekularne determinanty patogenności, lekooporności i adaptacji do organizmu gospodarza

72%
Smietanka K., Minta Z.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2011
|
tom 67
|
nr 06
The paper reviews molecular markers and determinants associated with virulence, host adaptation and drug resistance in avian influenza viruses (AIV). The virulence of AIV is mostly dependant on the presence of multiple amino acids (mainly arginine and lysine) at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein. The major factors contributing to host adaptation are also harbored within the HA protein: amino acids at positions 226 and 228 determine virus binding affinity to receptors present in cell membranes of birds or humans. It has been shown that pathogenicity and host adaptation are also dependant on the amino acid sequences of the polymerase complex (PB2-PB1-PA) and the most significant mutation (E627K in PB2) is related to the increased replication of the virus in mammalian cells. Molecular markers associated with an increased resistance to antiviral drugs are localized in neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M) proteins. For example, a histidine to tyrosine substitution at position 274 of NA (H274Y) decreases viral susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (e.g. oseltamivir), the most frequently used drugs in flu treatment. Monitoring of the molecular changes in the viral genome of AIV is very important from an epidemiological point of view and can be a valuable part of an early warning system.
8

Ptasia grypa - istotny problem ostatnich lat

72%
Gazdzinski P.
Hodowca Drobiu
|
2004
|
nr 05
26
9

Zakazenia wirusami influenzy ptakow u drobiu i ptakow dzikich

72%
Smietanka K., Minta Z., Tomczyk G., Domanska-Blicharz K., Bartnicka B., Szewczyk B., Grzywaczewski G.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2005
|
tom 61
|
nr 06
676-679
10

Ptasia grypa - swiatowy problem epidemiologiczny

72%
Samorek-Salomonowicz E., Truszczynski M., Kozdrun W.
Kosmos
|
2005
|
tom 54
|
nr 4
321-330
11

Ptasia grypa - krazace zagrozenie

72%
Banbura M. W., Dzieciatkowski T.
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2005
|
tom 80
|
nr 11
683-685
12

Metody molekularne w różnicowaniu patogenności wirusów grypy ptaków i rzekomego pomoru drobiu

72%
Smietanka K., Minta Z.
Magazyn Weterynaryjny
|
2012
|
tom 21
|
nr 05 Choroby Ptaków - Monografia
13

Wirusy ptasie stanowiace zagrozenie dla zdrowia publiczego. Wirus influenzy ptakow

72%
Samorek-Salamonowicz E.
Magazyn Weterynaryjny
|
2004
|
tom Supl
|
nr Drob
14-16
14

Grypa ptaków jako zoonoza

72%
Glinska Z., Luft-Deptula D.
Polskie Drobiarstwo
|
2007
|
tom 15
|
nr 09
15

Ptasia grypa - istotny problem ostatnich lat

72%
Gazdzinski P.
Indyk Polski
|
2004
|
nr 1
10-11
16

Ocena zagrozenia czlowieka wirusami grypy ze strony ptakow i swin

58%
Samorek-Salamonowicz E., Truszczynski M., Wijaszka T.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2009
|
tom 65
|
nr 08
507-510
Influenza viruses of group A, being the etiological agent of the seasonal human influenza, as well as those causing disease in birds and also viruses of swine influenza, were characterized. The present situation world wide was presented. The avian influenza lasting since 2003, caused by H5N1, was identified in 62 countries, causing all together death or culling of 220 milions of birds. The disease is classified as an avian and not a human influenza. The virus infects humans with low frequency, the transmission from human to human is not occurring or is occurring sporadically, however the mortality is 60 per cent of the diseased persons. The influenza, which is noted at present, is a disease of humans and the causing virus H1N1 is a quadruple genetic combination of avian, human and swine virus genomic segments. Until now the coarse of the disease is mild. However the number of confirmed human cases and mortality is increasing. The disease has been diagnosed in 33 countries (data from the 14th of May 2009) and WHO has declared the fifth phase of pandemic alert. Because of a high possibility of mutation and reasortation with avian and swine viruses continuous monitoring of influenza viruses in the animal reservoir is necessary which requires steady medical and veterinary cooperation.
17

Influenza ptakow

58%
Rudy A., Kuczkowski M.
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2005
|
tom 80
|
nr 11
685-687
18

Dzikie ptaki. Ich rola w rozprzestrzenianiu groznych dla drobiu chorob wirusowych

58%
Stenzel T., Tykalowski B., Koncicki A.
Weterynaria w Terenie
|
2008
|
tom 02
|
nr 1
26
19
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Content available

Kompendium wiadomosci na temat grypy ptakow

58%
Życie Weterynaryjne
|
2006
|
tom 81
|
nr 04
233-235
20

Fermy grypy

58%
Branswell H.
Świat Nauki
|
2011
|
nr 02
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