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Kryptosporydioza u osob zakazonych HIV

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Cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian parasite that affects millions of people worldwide. Clinical outcome of human cryptosporidiosis differs between immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. C. parvum is responsible for causing protracted and life-threatening diarrhea, biliary, and pulmonary infections in immunocompromised persons, especially in patients with AIDS. Though no effective treatment has been found so far, early diagnosis may be useful in controlling the infection. Thirty-eight stool specimens obtained from 35 HIV-positive patients admitted to the Clinic of Infectious Diseases in Poznań, Poland, were examined for the detection of oocysts, coproantigen and DNA of Cryptosporidium using standard microscopic, immunologic and molecular diagnostic methods. The presence of Cryptosporidium was detected in 10 HIV-positive patients. Oocysts, coproantigen and DNA of this parasite were identified solely in one specimen while Cryptosporidium DNA was detected in 8 specimens. Cryptosporidium coproantigen was found only in one sample. Although, the PCR was the most useful technique in the detection of Cryptosporidium in HIV-positive patients it should be noted that PCR has many pitfalls and needs to be carefully controlled to avoid both false positive and false negative results.
The frequency of Pneumocystis carinii occurrence in BAL of 38 HIV-infected patients was determined with three different method. BAL sediments were stained with Giemsa method, silvered according to Gomori-Grocott method and studied with indirect immunofluorescence assay. Using Giemsa method staining Pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 81,6% of patients, in Gomori-Grocott method - in 31,6% of patients, but results of indirect immunofluorescence assay were positive only in 23,7%. In our study staining BAL sediments with Giemsa method allowed to detect Pneumocystis carinii in the highest percentage of examined patients.
Most toxoplasmosis infections occur in the brain. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a specially serious complication in patients with AIDS. Similarly to other opportunistic pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii causes rapidly progressive, and often fatal disease in immunosuppressed patients. The diagnosis is difficult, since no sensitive and specific non-invasive diagnostic tests exist. The subject of our study is a 27-old fornale initially diagnosed with metastasis in central nervous system.
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Zimnica wspolistniejaca z zakazeniem HIV

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The coexistence of malaria and HIV infection beyond inhabitants of sub-Saharan Africa, South America and South-East Asia arises a question whether there is an interaction between these two infections. This problem is extremely important in relation to pregnant women because of possibility of mother to child transmission. The available options are reviewed in the paper.
The worldwide dissemination of HIV, the cause of AIDS, over the past 25 years has been one of the most catastrophic examples of the emergence, transmission, and propagation of a zoonotic infection. Ongoing exposure of humans to simian lentiviruses and the potential for additional lentiviral epidemics should not be dismissed.
Inhibition of HIV virions release from infected cell by tetherin may find application in AIDS therapy. Is polyomavirus an etiologic agent in human Merkel cell skin carcinoma? Viral and bacterial interactions in living tissues are more complicated than in sterile cell lines used as models. Inhibition of severe and fatal outbreaks of feline calicivirus infections by antisense morpholino oligomer. Hitherto unknown important role of mast cells in immunity and pathogenesis. Participation of complement in some diseases and search for complement-targeted therapeutics.
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