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The present study is an attempt at partial filling a gap in the research on the spatial structure of weed distribution in plantations of winter crops. On the basis of data from Polish scientific literature and own research the stratification of selected stands of weed communities, of various, mainly edaphic, requirements, in winter crops is presented. In three selected stands, representing various communities, the weed spatial structure is similar, differing only in the floristic composition of segetal plants constituting given phytocoenoses. The midlle (c2), lower (c3) and ground (c4) strata were recorder in the studied fields, while the upper (c,) and mosses (c5) ones were missing, which was propálily a result of an influence exerted by the planted crop (rye), creating similar developmental conditions for weeds, and by climate (amount of precipitation).
Subject and purpose of work: Monitoring of biological diversity within the areas of natural value is targeted at assessment of the impact of the applied agricultural practices on the natural environment. The aim of the research was to compare species diversity and abundance of segmental plants occurring in winter cereals grown in the selected ecological farms and conventional farms in the Lubelskie voivodeship. Materials and methods: Monitoring research were conducted between 2012-2014 in 28 farms (14 ecological and 14 traditional) on fields with cereal crops. Species composition and volume of habitats of weeds was defined as well as diversity indicators of Shannon-Wienner and Simpson were indicated. Results and conclusions: Research indicated that diversity of segmental flora which accompanies cereal was larger in ecological farms than in the traditional ones. The total of 149 species of weeks were marked; 107 taxa were common for both farming systems, 26 were characteristic for ecological system while 16 for the traditional farming. It was noted that the significantly larger number of species present in the field and the volume of weed per area unit was present in ecological farming. Both within the traditional farming system and the ecological one more monocotyledons than dicotyledonous species were found. The assessment of flora diversity via Shannon-Weinner and Simpson indicators indicated larger species diversity in fields of arable crops in ecological system than the conventional one, however, no significant dominance of one or more species of weeds was noted in case of either of the systems.
The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of Sekator 6,25 WG used for broad leaved weeds control in winter and spring cereals. Sekator 6.25 WG herbicide is composed of iodosulfuron 1.25%, amidosulfuron 5% and mephenpyr diethyl 12.5%. The field trials were conducted over the period 1997-1999 at experimental station, which belonged to the Institute of Plant Protection. The results showed that Sekator 6,25 WG effectively controled Galium aparine, Anthemis arvensis, Myosotis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Polygonum sp., Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Thlaspi arvense and Lamium purpureum. The obtained yield of winter and spring cereals was increased by Sekator 6,25 WG application. Sekator 6,25 WG herbicide used in all experiments was safe for both winter and spring cereals.
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