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1

The effects of fungicides on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici associated with Fusarium wilt of tomato

100%
Amini J., Sidovich D. F.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
172-178
Tomato fusarium wilt is considered as one of the most important diseases of tomato both in field and greenhouse - grown tomatoes worldwide. In presented research, six fungicides; benomyl, carbendazim, prochloraz, fludioxonil, bromuconazole and azoxystrobin, were evaluated for their efficacy against the disease casual agent Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro and in vivo. Seven different concentration (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/ml) were used for assessment of their inhibitory activities against the pathogen through mycelial growth inhibition on potato media. Four concentrations of above mentioned fungicides (0.1, 1. 10 and 100 μg/ml) were tested for controlling Fusarium wilt on tomato plants in glasshouse. Fungal radial growth was measured and median effective concentration (EC50) values (μg/ml) determined. The result of glasshouse tests revealed a different degree of efficacy of all tested fungicides in reducing disease infestation. Prochloraz and bromuconazole were the most effective fungicides against the pathogen both in vitro and in vivo, followed by benomyl and carbendazim. All other fungicides were less effective. Conserning the application date of fungicides it was shown that they were less effective when applied 7 days after tomato plant infection, compared with 1 day prior infection. No phytotoxic symptoms were observed after the application of prochloraz, bromuconazol and benomyl when used at recommended doses, especially on seedlings. However both fungicides fludioxonil and bromuconazole were shown to be phototoxic to tomato seedlings.
2

Preliminary study of the activity of some essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

84%
Istianto M., Emilda D.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2011
|
tom 19
|
nr 2
Wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), is one of the most important diseases of bananas. An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy is a promising concept for controlling this disease. This concept must be supported with all suitable control techniques that can be compatibly and effectively utilized. Essential oils, which have been long recognized as having good fungus-toxic com­pounds, are a recommend technology which may be used to complete previous con­trol techniques. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon nardus, Eugenia aromatica, Pogostemon calbin, and Vitiveria zizanoides against Foc. The experiment was conducted in the January-April time period of 2010, in the laboratory of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, at room temperature. The result showed that the essential oils which had been tested were able to suppress Foc mycelial growth. Essential oil ex­tracted from E. aromatica provided the strongest suppression of Foc mycelial growth, mainly when used at a volume of 9 and 18 pi. This result indicated that essential oil of E. aromatica had good potency and may be developed as a control agent against wilt disease of banana.
3

Outbreak of basal stem rot and wilt disease of pepper in northern Nigeria

84%
Alegbejo M., Lawal A., Chindo P., Banwo O.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2006
|
tom 46
|
nr 1
7-13
A survey was conducted in February of 2004 on the outbreak of stem rot and wilt disease of pepper at the Kitabawa/Danzakara and Ajiwa irrigation sites in Northern Nigeria. Laboratory investigations revealed that it was elicited by Phytophthora capsici Leon. The disease caused severe loss in yield and USD 1 700.00 to USD 3 200.00 loss in revenue/ha. The disease was probably further aggravated by the presence of Fusarium sp. as well as ecto- and endoparasitic nematodes. Reasons for outbreak were elucidated and solutions proffered
4
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Content available

Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

84%
Fotoohiyan Z., Rezaee S., Bonjar G. H. S., Mohammadi A. H., Moradi M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2017
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an eff ective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in diff erent locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. Th e results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae signifi cantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most eff ective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all eff ective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium signifi cantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most eff ective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the fi ve most eff ective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. Th e overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an eff ective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.
5

Growth characteristics of Fusarium spp. causing wilt disease in Psidium guajava L. in India

84%
Gupta V. K., Misra A. K., Gaur R. K.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 4
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii and F. solani, causal agents of wilt in guava are highly variable pathogens. This study was conducted on cultural and physiological (temperature and pH) characters. The data revealed that maximum mycelial growth was obtained in potato dextrose agar as semi-solid media i.e. 78.00 mm for F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii; 73. 83 mm for F. solani, while malt extract broth as liquid broth media i.e. 1 385 mg mycelia for F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii; 1491 mg for F. solani. Maximum sporulation was recorded in oatmeal agar and mycological broth. The optimum temperature and pH for growth of both Fusarium spp. isolates was 28°C and 5.5. The isolates differed in their colony growth; mycelial mass, macro-conidia, and micro-conidia produced. These variations were characters of each of the isolates with respect to cultural and physiological characters.
6

Developing of DNA-marker to the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici resistance genes of tomato

84%
Amini J.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 2
175-178
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a destructive disease of tomato crops worldwide. The use of resistant varieties is the best strategy for disease control. In the present study we analyze eight tomato lines and hybrids for Fusarium wilt disease resistance by polymerase chain reaction. Total genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of three-week-old plants of tomato. Results of PCR of eight tomato lines and hybrids indicated that there are one dominant heterozygote, two recessive homozygotes and five dominant homozygotes. Also, results of polymerase chain reaction showed that it needs less time and is cheaper. Also by using this method, it is possible to determine genotype of plant (homozygote or heterozygote) without presence of the pathogen. Therefore, PCR technique was used in the identification gene I2 conferring resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
7

Effect of soil solarization on wilt disease of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan L. Mill. sp.]

84%
Singh R., Jariwala S., Rai B.
Phytopathologia Polonica
|
1996
|
tom 12
8

Control of wilt and root rot incidence in Phaseolus vulgaris L. by some plant volatile compounds

67%
El-Mougy N. S., El-Gamal N. G., Abdel-Kader M. M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2007
|
tom 47
|
nr 3
255-266
Essential oils from four plants, i.e. geranium, rosa, lemon and mint were tested for their activity in vitro and in vivo against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the cause of root rot and wilt of beans. In vitro, they were found to have an inhibitory effect against the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Complete inhibition in fungal growth was observed at a concentration of 4% of each essential oil and Topsin M at 400 ppm as well. In greenhouse the four essential oils were tested as seed coating and/or foliar spray. Results of seed coating at a concentration of 1% clearly demonstrate a good protection of emerged bean seeds against invasion of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli compared with the fungicide treatment. A similar trend was observed in a lower extent when the essential oils were applied as bean seeds coating followed by seedlings foliar spray under field conditions. Obvious yield increase as bean green pods, in all treatments, was significantly higher than in the control.
9

Effects of three Glomus species as biocontrol agents against Verticillium-induced wilt in cotton

67%
Kobra N., Jalil K., Youbert G.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 2
185-189
The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of three Glomus species: G. etunicatum, G. intraradices and G. versiforme on the development of verticillium wilt in cotton plants. Results indicated that the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a biocontrol agents were different among three Glomus species. In diseased cotton plants colonized by G. etunicatum, the disease index was lower than others and also, higher colonization percentage was relevant to these plants. On the other hand, the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis and development of structure of AMF were reduced when both symbiotic and pathogenic fungi infected the same root. In addition, the symptoms of veticillium wilt were diminished too. These results revealed that the beneficial effects of mycorrhiza could alleviate the pathogenic effects of V. dahliae and also a competitive interaction existed between these pathogenic and symbiont fungi.
10
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Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease

67%
Bahramian D., Naraghi L., Heydari A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2016
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
Fungal antagonist, Talaromyces flavus, is one of the most important biological agents of soil-borne fungal diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt. In this study, to increase the effectiveness of T. flavus isolates obtained from greenhouse cucumbers and field grown tomatoes five chemical stabilizers were evaluated. Based on the results of previous studies, the most effective substrate for the growth, sporulation and stability of T. flavus isolates related to the above-mentioned plants was a mix of rice bran and peat-moss. Different chemical stabilizers were mixed with the above-mentioned substrate containing spore suspensions of various T. flavus isolates. For each plant, a completely randomized experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with seven treatments and three replications. The results of this study indicated that treatments containing sodium nitrate and D-cycloserine were more effective than those containing other stabilizers. The overall results of this study suggest that the use of some chemical stabilizers may enhance the biocontrol potential of fungal antagonists in controlling different plant diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt.
11

Assessing the suitability of morphological and phenological traits to screen sesame genotypes for Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease resistance

67%
El-Bramawy M. A. E. S., El-Hendawy S. E., Shaban W. I. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2008
|
tom 48
|
nr 4
397-410
Since sesame genotypes differ significantly in many morphological and phenological traits, some of these traits could be suitable for direct selection among the sesame genotypes for Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease resistance. Forty-eight sesame genotypes that originated from different geographical regions were screened for their response to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (FOS) and Macrophomina phaseolina (MPH), the Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens in 2005 and 2006 seasons, respectively. The seed yield and infection percentage by Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot pathogens were determined. Branch number and days to maturity as morphological traits and seed colour as phenological trait which represented the proposal for diversity among sesame genotypes were correlated with infection percentage and were used to examine the performance of these traits as screening criteria for Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease resistance. Our results showed that 57, 67 and 67% in 2005 and 77, 77 and 62% in 2006 of resistant genotypes for FOS, and 68, 77 and 64% in 2005 and 80, 76 and 60% in 2006 of resistant genotypes for MPH had a medium branch number, and were of medium maturity and having creamy seed colour, respectively. According to the analysis of regression, branch number and seed colour were significantly correlated with infection percentages by FOS and/or MPH. Therefore, these traits may be used as indices for direct selection for resistance of sesame genotypes to Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot disease. However, no significant correlation was found between days to maturity and infection percentage by both fungi. Linear regression between infection percentage and three groups of branch number and seed colour indicated that the sesame genotypes had medium branch number and having creamy or white seed colour were the only covariant which significantly correlated with the infection percentage by FOS and/or MPH.
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