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1

Detection of high percentage of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, in wild populations of Colombian Caribbean triatomines

100%
Escalante M. E., Gomez D., Silvera L. A., Sanchez G., Venegas J.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2015
|
tom 60
|
nr 2
2

Biological characteristics of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), wild population from Southern Syria

100%
Mansour M.
Polish Journal of Entomology
|
2007
|
tom 76
|
nr 4
Sex ratio, weight, fecundity, fertility and longevity of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) wild adults from wild populations of Southern part of Syria were examined. In addition, percentage of larvae entering diapause from each generation was investigated and the relationship between female weight and fecundity was examined. The results showed that sex ratio was about 1: 1 (males to females), adult weight ranged, on average, from 14.4 to 25.7 mg for spring generation males and females respectively and from 19.5 to 32.6 mg for summer generation males and females in the same order. Fecundity of the spring generation moths was close to 85 eggs/female; this number increased by about 30% for summer generation females and a strong relationship was found between female weight and fecundity. Adult fertility, for both generations (spring and summer), exceeded 90%, longevity ranged from about 10 days for spring generation adults to about 9 days for summer generation moths and males lived little longer than females. These results may serve as a reference in quality control measures for codling moth mass rearing in Syria.
3

Multiple paternity in a wild population of the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis

100%
Gryczynska-Siemiatkowska A., Gortat T., Kozakiewicz A., Rutkowski R., Pomorski J., Kozakiewicz M.
Acta Theriologica
|
2008
|
tom 53
|
nr 3
Multiple paternity has been described in a wide range of taxonomic groups (eg invertebrates, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals). In rodents, multiple paternity seems to be common and can lead to both genetic (eg increase in offspring diversity, avoiding inbreeding) and direct (eg higher survival rate of the litter) benefits. The primary aim of this study was to confirm multiple paternity and evaluate its frequency in a wild population of yellow-necked mouseApodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834). Animals were trapped in north-eastern Poland in 2004–2006. Five microsatellite loci previously described for members of the genusApodemus were used to examine the occurrence of multiple paternity among the offspring of 10 pregnant females. The analyses were performed using multiplex PCR, estimating the length of amplified fragments with an automated sequencer. The presence of additional alleles indicating multiple paternity was found in 30% (3 out of 10) of the investigated litters. Offspring fathered by a single male were predominant in each litter, with the proportion of individuals originating from other males varying from 16.7 to 20% in the three multiple paternity cases. Our findings indicate that the promiscuous mating system may be considered as an alternative breeding strategy in the yellow-necked mouse.
4

Age structure and reproduction rates of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) population in agricultural landscape (Czech Republic)

84%
Zika T., Salek M., Hola M., Hanzal V., Hart V., Kusta T., Jezek M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2014
|
tom 62
|
nr 4
Detailed knowledge of demographic parameters (such as age structure and reproduction rates) is crucial for guiding conservation and management decisions regarding wildlife populations. Such parameters of wild ring-necked pheasant populations in the current agricultural landscape remain very poorly described. We researched age structure and reproduction rates of predominantly wild populations of the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) across the intensively managed agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic. The study area is influenced only marginally by hand-reared pheasants (i.e. as shown by comparison of the average number of released individuals in the study area: 0.3 ♂/yr/1km2 and 0.9 ♀/yr/1km2 and average number of released individuals and harvested in the study area: 8.6 ♂/yr/1km2) and there is a long-term huntable pheasant population. To determine the age of individuals, we used proximal primary feather shaft diameters of 1487 feather samples from males hunted between 2009 and 2011. Moreover, we evaluated the age structure of females as well as both sexes together based on the sex ratio and annual game census. We found a relatively high proportion of adults in the population in comparison with other studies. However, the number of adults decreased throughout the years: 2009 (♂ 44.7%; ♀ 69.5%; ♂♀ 60.7%), 2010 (♂ 35.2%; ♀ 61.3%; ♂♀ 51.5%), 2011 (♂ 29.8%; ♀ 57.4%; ♂♀ 47.0%). The decrease of adults went hand in hand with increase of juveniles and reproduction rates of the study population: 2009 (♂ 124%; ♀ 44%; ♂♀ 65%), 2010 (♂ 184%; ♀ 63%; ♂♀ 94%), 2011 (♂ 236%; ♀ 74%; ♂♀ 113%). Only males were hunted in the study area so we determined higher proportions of females in population for all years. This is the main reason why the reproduction rate of females was lower in percentage expression. Generally, our results showed lower productivity of pheasants in the Czech agricultural landscape in comparison with earlier published studies conducted in the US and UK. However, these studies were published many years ago and thus do not reflect the actual environmental conditions and changes which took place recently (i.e. agricultural intensification).
5

Genetic differences between wild and hatchery populations of Diplodus sargus and D. vulgaris inferred from RAPD markers: implications for production and restocking programs design

84%
Pereira J. C., Lino P. G., Leitao A., Joaquim S., Chaves R., Pousao-Ferreira P., Guedes-Pinto H., Neves d. S. M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2010
|
tom 51
|
nr 1
67-72
Restocking and stock enhancement programs are now recognized as an important tool for the management of fishery resources. It is important, however, to have an adequate knowledge on the genetic population structure of both the released stock and the wild population before carrying out such programs. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied to assess genetic diversity and population structure of wild and hatchery populations of the white seabream Diplodus sargus and the common two-banded seabream D. vulgaris (Sparidae). The estimated values for intrapopulation genetic variation, measured using the percentage of polymorphic loci (%P), Shannon index (H’), and Nei’s gene diversity (h), showed high values for all populations. The percentage of genetic variation within D. sargus and D. vulgaris populations, based on coefficient of gene differentiation, reached 82.5% and 90% of the total genetic variation, respectively. An undeniable decrease in genetic variation was found in both hatchery populations, particularly in D. sargus, compared to the wild ones. However, the high values of variation within all populations and the low levels of genetic variation among populations did not indicate inbreeding or depression effects, thus indicating a fairly proper hatchery management. Nevertheless, the results of this study highlight the importance of monitoring the genetic variation of hatchery populations, particularly those to be used in restocking programs. The creation of a genetic baseline database will contribute to a more efficient conservation management and to the design of genetically sustainable restocking programs.
6

Characterisation of cross-amplified microsatellite markers in the red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva

84%
Mitrus J., Mitrus C., Rutkowski R., Sikora M., Suchecka E.
Annales Zoologici
|
2013
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
We tested 24 microsatellite markers for the red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva, using the primers for the PCR reaction described for other species from genus Ficedula. The amplification efficiency, specificity of the products, and polymorphism of cross-amplified microsatellites were determined based on the genotypes of 65 adult males from a natural population breeding in Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). Based on obtained results, we identified 9 highly polymorphic microsatellites, consistently amplifying in majority of individuals. Among those markers between 4 and 26 alleles per locus (mean 15.4) were found and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.393 to 0.939. The majority of loci (except for Fhy350 and Fhy458) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Accordingly, the values of F IS did not significantly differ from zero 0, except for the locus Fhy350. We suggest that this locus could be loaded with high frequency of null alleles. The polymorphic information content (PIC) for the selected loci set was high and in all cases exceeded 0.82. In addition, we calculated, for each locus, the probability of excluding an improper parent. In majority of loci this parameter distinctly exceeded 0.5. These results demonstrate that tested microsatellite markers can be used to estimate the genetic variability within- and between populations and to establish paternity and parenthood in red-breasted flycatcher populations.
7

An assessment of parasite variation in wild populations of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in Lithuanian rivers

84%
Rakauskas V., Blazevicius C.
Archives of Polish Fisheries
|
2010
|
tom 18
|
nr 4
8

Age estimation in Iberian wildcats Felis silvestris, by canine tooth sections

84%
Garcia-Perea R., Baquero R. A.
Acta Theriologica
|
1999
|
tom 44
|
nr 3
We have applied counting of annual cementum lines in canine root to estimate the age of 165 Iberian wildcats Felis silvestris Schreber, 1775. Results indicate that (1) closure of apical foramen of canine root occurs from 6 to 18 months of age, (2) cementum lines are formed in autumn-winter, (3) the first autumn-winter, either a non-continuous line, a continuous "kitten line" or no line can be formed, depending on individual variation in timing of closure of apical foramen, (4) since 7% of wildcats form a kitten line, it needs to be identified in order to avoid an incorrect counting, (5) the first continuous line useful for counting is formed during the second autumn-winter, when animals are 21 months old. For Iberian wildcats, age in years can be estimated by adding 1 to the number of continuous lines. For a more accurate estimation, we propose a formula including months from birth to first line formation, number of annual tines, and months from last line formation to death (A = 9m + Ly + Mm).
9

Metazoan parasites in wild and farmed populations of the scallops, Argopecten purpuratus [Lamarck, 1819] from Northern Chile

84%
Oliva M. E., Castillo L., Sanchez M.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2004
|
tom 49
|
nr 2
Differences in the parasite faunas of wild and farmed populations of the northern scallops, Argopecten purpuratus, from northern Chile, were compared. Infections of tapeworm larvae (plerocercoids of Acanthobothrium sp. and Rhinebothrium sp.) do not occur in the farmed scallops owing to unsuitable conditions for transmission, whereas, by contrast, there is a significantly higher occurrence of the burrowing polychaeta Polydora sp. in farmed conditions. These results can be explained in that farming conditions preclude completion of the tapeworm life cycle, since the infective stage cannot access the scallops suspended in the water column. Meanwhile crowding in the farmed population, as compared to the wild one, may favor infection by Polydora sp.
10

Molecular investigation of phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of Polish pheasants using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence

67%
Czyzowski P., Karpinski M., Drozd L.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry
|
2008
|
tom 11
|
nr 4
11

Assessment of Akodon cursor (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) as permissive host to Schistosoma mansoni infection: morphology of adult worms

67%
Machado-Silva J. R., Heisler Neves R., Rodrigues-Silva R., Figueiredo de Oliveira R. M., Maldonado Junior A.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2011
|
tom 56
|
nr 2
The natural infection with parasitic helminths is common in wild rodent populations. Once such interactions are better understood in the laboratory, it will be more feasible to extend the findings to infected hosts in nature. The flukes recovered from laboratory-infected Akodon cursor at 63 days post-infection were stained with hydrochloric carmine and individually mounted on glass slide as whole-mounts. Light and laser scanning confocal microscopy studies of adult male and female Schistosoma mansoni are reported. The parasites were examined morphologically and biometrically, which was obtained in a digital system for image analysis. Parameters used were: tegument thickness, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. The overall conclusion of this experiment is that the morphological features of adult worm were similar to laboratory mice. It has been confirmed that the grass mouse is a permissive host to S. mansoni infection.
12

Long-term changes in population density of nest-box breeding Great Tits and Blue Tits in two contrasting habitats in Central Poland

67%
Gladalski M., Wawrzyniak J., Banbura M., Kalinski A., Markowski M., Skwarska J., Zielinski P., Banbura J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2016
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
Urbanization affects the ecological and behavioral traits of various species of animals, including birds.We present results concerning long-term fluctuations in breeding densities of nest-box populations of the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus and the Great Tit Parus major in two, structurally and floristically contrasting types of habitat (an urban parkland and a rich deciduous forest) located 10 km apart, in central Poland. This study was conducted in 1999–2012 in the parkland site and in 2002–2012 in the forest site. We found a strong correlation of year-to-year changes in breeding densities of Great Tits between the parkland site and the forest site and a lack of such a correlation in Blue Tits. Breeding densities of Great Tits were much higher in the parkland than in the forest area every year during the study period. Annual changes in breeding densities were not correlated between the species studied. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO-winter index) tended to influence the density dynamics of the two bird species in the forest area but not in the parkland area.
13

1995 update of morphological abnormalities in wild populations of the Japanese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster Boie [Urodela, Salamandridae]

67%
Fukui A., Asashima M., Meyer-Rochow V. B.
Acta Hydrobiologica
|
1996
|
tom 38
|
nr 1-2
A survey of abnormalities was carried out on 5567 C. pyrrhogaster, which were collected in spring and autumn of 1995 in the same area of Japan as that surveyed earlier (in 1981 and 1985). As before, male and female individuals were afflicted in roughly equal proportions and cases of papilloma occurred in 1.6%. However, fewer incidences of limb-, finger-, and toe-abnormalities were recorded. The highest figure was in the autumn collection, but even then only 0.6% of all animals showed morphological abnormalities of the appendages. It is suggested that improvements in water quality and greater environmental awareness by the public could be responsible for the drop in abnormalities.
14
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Annual reproductive cycle in two free living populations of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.): patterns of ovarian and testicular development

67%
Sokolowska E., Kulczykowska E.
Oceanologia
|
2006
|
tom 48
|
nr 1
The annual reproductive cycle in two wild populations of three-spined stickleback was studied. Sticklebacks from the Dead Vistula River (Martwa Wisła) (brackish water) and the Oliva Stream (Potok Oliwski) (freshwater) were exposed to annual environmental changes in their natural habitats. Ovaries and livers (females), and testes and kidneys (males) were collected during 1–2 years. The gonadosomatic IG, hepatosomatic IH, nephrosomatic IN indices, kidney epithelium height (KEH) and size of oocytes were calculated. The number of mature oocytes and percentage of ovulating females were determined during the spawning season. Histological changes in the ovaries and testes were described throughout a year. Annual reproductive cycles were similar in both populations of sticklebacks. This is the first histological and morphological study carried out throughout a year, simultaneously in two wild populations of three-spined sticklebacks inhabiting different environments. An improved scale of gonadal development in conjunction with the determined indices and fecundity give a comprehensive description of the reproductive cycle. These newobserv ations, in combination with previously reported features, provide a universal scale that can be successfully used to distinguish all phases of gametogenesis in sticklebacks in different habitats.
15

Depauperated gene pools in Marmota m. marmota are caused by an ancient bottleneck: electrophoretic analysis of wild populations from Austria and Switzerland

67%
Preleuthner M., Pinsker W.
Acta Theriologica. Supplement
|
1993
|
tom 38
|
nr 2
Samples from 15 populations of the Alpine marmot Marmota m. marmota (Linnaeus, 1758) were surveyed electrophoretically for allozyme variation. Only 2 out of 50 enzyme loci showed polymorphism. Average heterozygosity was found to be low with 1.2%. No rare alleles were detected among the 8430 genes examined. The geographic variation at the two polymorphic loci (Pep-1 and Sod-1) was analysed in more detail. The distribution pattern of the allele frequencies indicates genetic differentiation between autochthonous and introduced populations. No striking deviations of the genotype distributions from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. Thus the population structure is apparently not affected by inbreeding. The obviously diminished genetic variation and the geographic pattern of the allele frequencies at the two variable loci can be best explained by assuming a severe bottleneck in the recent past.
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