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Success of wild pear Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd. in colonization of steep sunny slopes: an interdisciplinary study in the Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland)

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Antkowiak W., Cedro A., Prajs B., Wolko L., Michalak M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2012
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tom 60
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nr 1
A local population of Pyrus pyraster was studied in dry and warm habitats: xerothermic grasslands Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae and Adonido-Brachypodietum, as well as thermophilous oak forest Quercetum pubescentipetraeae in the forest-steppe Bielinek Reserve (NW Poland). Our aims were to assess: (1) the ability of this species to adapt to extremely dry sites, as a pioneer woody plant; (2) its phytosociological position; and (3) morphological variation and genetic diversity of the local population. The pear trees in Bielinek Reserve seem to reach an optimum in shrub communities of the class Rhamno-Prunetea, but tree age clearly indicates that the grasslands were colonized by wild pear trees already before the shrub communities developed. This indicates that P. pyraster can colonize very dry, eroded sites, such as steep sunny slopes covered by xerothermic grasslands. Wild pear trees form plant communities that are a seral stage followed by forest-shrub communities or thermophilous forests. The species in xerothermic shrub communities of the reserve shows a high constancy. It is also very resistant to extreme temperatures, insolation, drought, and erosion. Its tree-ring width (on average 1.1 mm per year) was strongly related to precipitation and temperature in spring and summer. High precipitation resulted in wider tree rings, while dry years (associated with high air temperature) caused a decrease in tree-ring width. Another significant factor is precipitation in winter, which had a positive influence on tree-ring width. Microsatellite markers revealed a high level of genetic diversity in this population. Our results suggest that wild pear can be recommended for afforestation of areas affected by droughts and disturbed sites in Central Europe. It can be used to increase the heterogeneity of the landscape, e.g. by creation of forest ecotones and for planting along roads and field margins, especially considering the predicted climate change.
2
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The phenological and pomological traits of selected genotypes of wild pear [Pyrus pyraster (L.) Du Roi] important for the production of generative rootstocks

100%
Gordana S. T.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
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2019
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tom 18
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nr 2
The aim of this work is to produce the generative rootstocks for the wild pears, which will be of moderate denseness. The initial material is the population of wild pear in the area of Polimlje. The study focused on few segments. Very first one included recording of the phenological traits – first flowering, full flowering, end of flowering and harvest period. The other segment comprised pomological features, i.e. physical [fruit weight (g), fruit size (mm), mass of dry seed (g), and number of seed in 1 kg of the fruit]. Seeds from 9 selected genotypes of wild pears were planted in the nursery and raised seedlings were evaluated for nursery characteristics: germination, seedling vigor, uniformidty and branching. Raised seedlings were used as rootstocks for scion cultivar ‘Grand Champion’. The most important benefit of this study is the fact that the parent trees, the seeds of which provide the best morphological and physiological characteristics for the production of generative rootstocks, were found and favored (in situ). Results of this research show that the rapid growth and uniformity of scions depend on the genetic characteristics of generative rootstocks of selected genotypes of wild pears, such as: plant height, stem diameter (corpulence), branching and uniformity. The selected genotypes, especially ‘Genotype 11’, proved to be the best for mountainous areas of the north of Montenegro, higher altitudes and poorer types of soil. The ‘Genotype 11’ is suggested as the best option for the production of generative rootstocks due to its small vigour level.
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Self-incompatibility alleles in Polish wild pear [Pyrus pyraster [L.] Burgsd.]: a preliminary analysis

80%
Wolko L., Antkowiak W., Sips M., Slomski R.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2010
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tom 51
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nr 1
33-35
Wild pear (Pyrus pyraster, syn. P. communis var. pyraster) is thought to be one of the species that gave rise to all other members of the genus Pyrus, although intraspecific hybridizations with cultivated varieties could cause the disappearance of original species characteristics. S-RNase alleles from 7 different wild pear individuals, collected from various regions of Poland, were cloned on the basis of the PCR method and nucleotide sequence analyses. The hypervariable (HV) region is responsible for allele-specific S-RNase activity in the self-incompatibility mechanism. The high level of polymorphism of its sequences may constitute a source of valuable phylogenetic information. From all individuals, 14 sequences were obtained successfully, and 9 of them were novel alleles. Phylogenetic analysis of these alleles was based on the amino acid sequence interpretation of coding regions and intron nucleotide sequences. The research conducted on a limited pool of available P. pyraster alleles gives only an initial insight into possible S-RNase allele polymorphisms in wild populations. At this stage, the results do not confirm a strong influence of cultivated pear species on the wild pear.
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