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The morphological types of the pulmonary valve and its adjacent structures were determined. The research was conducted on the heart of 498 domestic and wild birds of five orders. The organ underwent imaging with the use of an X-ray apparatus, a 16- slice computed tomography scanner, and an ultrasonograph. The structures examined are characterised by a great changeability as far as particular taxonomie individuals are concerned. This is connected with the ways and living conditions of particular taxonomic and ecological groups of birds. New terms to characterise the pulmonary valve were suggested. Research of this type will allow us to link such basic sorts of study with cardiac surgery in the future.
We studied blood parasites in wild birds within Hitoy Cerere Biological Reserve and Barbilla National Park in Costa Rica during the rainy season of 2004. We examined blood samples from 248 and 114 birds, respectively. Protozoan parasites of the genus Haemoproteus as well as microfilariae were found. Prevalence of Haemoproteus in birds was 0.8% and 4.4% in Hitoy Cerere and Barbilla, respectively, and differences were significant. Prevalence of infection by microfilariae was 8.1% and 3.5%, respectively, however, differences were not significant. Based on morphological characteristics, we divided microfilariae into two groups and nine morphotypes. In Hitoy Cerere, there were microfilariae of all nine morphotypes whereas in Barbilla we only found two morphotypes.
A total of 170 wild birds from Senegal, belonging to 48 species and 9 orders, were searched for lice in 2005 and 2007. Chewing lice were found on 58 birds of 18 species and 5 orders (Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Coraciiformes, Galliformes and Passeriformes). Twenty-two species of chewing lice of 13 genera were determined. Other nine samples of chewing lice that represent a new host-parasite association were determined at generic level only, because only one sex or nymph of these lice were found. Our records represent the first louse records from passerines Camaroptera brachyura (Cisticolidae), Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Corvinella corvina (Laniidae), Laniarius barbarus (Malaconotidae), Prinia erythroptera (Cisticolidae) and Turdus pelios (Turdidae). Descriptions and illustrations are given for Brueelia chalcomitrae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Chalcomitra senegalensis (Nectariniidae), Brueelia priniae Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Prinia subflava (Cisticolidae), and Philopteroides terpsiphoni Najer et Sychra sp. nov. ex Terpsiphone viridis (Monarchidae).
Following the spread from its origins in China, Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 was first recorded in Europe in Turkish poultry and in poultry and wild birds in Romania in early October 2005. On 19 October 2005 Croatia became the second European country to record an outbreak in wild birds, involving Mute Swans Cygnus olor. Subsequent surveillance in Croatia revealed further instances of H5N1 in dead and sick Mute Swans in 2005, and in 2006 in more dead Mute Swans and in living, apparently healthy, Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus, but not in poultry. The observations presented here suggest that Croatia experienced two independent incursions of Asian lineage HPAI H5N1, but genetic confirmation is not available. Potential routes of introduction by wild birds, the poultry industry and fish-farming practices are discussed, but the evidence for all of these remains circumstantial
During a re-assessment of tapeworm collections from wild birds in Slovakia, two Anomotaenia spp. were recovered from the intestine of the little ringed plover Charadrius dubius Scop., 1786. One of them is described as Anomotaenia barusi sp. nov. The new taxon is distinguished from related congeneric species by the different shape and size of the rostellar hooks, the number of testes and the morphology of male and female reproductive organs. The other species was identified as Anomotaenia alata Spassky et Konovalov, 1969. The validity of this species has formerly been questioned because of its striking morphological similarity to the type-species of the genus, A. microrhyncha (Krabbe, 1869), described from the same host, Philomachus pugnax (L.). Present data revealed differences in the number and measurements of the rostellar hooks, the size of the cirrus-sac, the armament of the cirrus and the presence or absence of setae at the polar ends of the inner egg envelope, which supported the validity of A. alata. The finding of A. alata in C. dubius from Slovakia represents a new host and geographical record.
The mycoflora developing on the feathers of wild and domestic bird species in the water of 6 limnologically different water bodies was investigated under laboratory conditions. 97 zoosporic fungus species were found to grow on the feathers investigated, including 21 Chytridiomycetes, 1 Hyphochytriomycetes, 74 Oomycetes and 1 Zygomycetes fungus. The most common fungus species included Chytriomycetes annulatus, Rhizophydium keratinophilum, Blastocladiopsis parva, Catenaria anguillulae, Catenophlyctis variabilis, Aphanomyces helicoides, Aphanomyces irregularis, Leptolegniella piligena, Pythium afertile, Pythium aquatile, Pythium echinulatum, Pythium intermedium and Pythium tenue. The most fungi were noted growing in water from Cypisek spring (64), the fewest in the ponds Akcent (45) and Fosa (47 species). Out of these 97 species, 17 are known as parasites or necrotrophs of fish. 13 fungus species were recorded for the first time in Poland.
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