Sowing value of triticale seeds with different sizes was examined. Seeds of spring triticale cv. Kargo were divided into 4 classes with gravity table separator, 5 size classes with Vogl sieves and unselected control. In each fraction of seeds were tested: thousand kemel weight, specific density of seeds, germination energy, capacity and vigour of seeds according to Seedling Growth Test and Hiltner test. Positive correlation between seed size and germination energy and capacity was observed. The test of seedling dry mass was a better indicator of vigour than the other methods applied.
The influence of pH and aluminium on soil clays’ negative charge was investigated for clays separated from acidic soils of different origin. It was observed that aluminium caused a negative charge decrease due possibly to nonexchangeable Al polycations adsorption in the 4-6 pH range. Aluminium complexing by organic matter can diminish soil negative charge in a broad range of pH.
Celem badań była ocena efektywności banków spółdzielczych w zależności od ich wielkości. Próbę badawczą stanowiło 300 banków spółdzielczych zrzeszonych w Banku Polskiej Spółdzielczości. Wielkość banku określono za pomocą czterech cech: wartości aktywów ogółem, wartości kapitałów własnych, liczby placówek oraz liczby prowadzonych rachunków. Za pomocą punktowego wskaźnika kolejności zbudowano ranking banków, a następnie przy wykorzystaniu kwartyli wyodrębniono cztery grupy banków o podobnej wielkości. Efektywność oceniono za pomocą metody Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) w oparciu o modele BCC oraz CCR zorientowane na nakłady oraz wybrane wskaźniki efektywności. Zmiany produktywności w czasie oszacowano za pomocą indeksu Malmquista. Badania wykazały, że wśród badanych banków spółdzielczych najbardziej efektywne były te największe. Małe banki charakteryzowały się wyższą efektywnością niż średnie, ale mniejszą niż największe banki.
The aim of the study was to define the topography, number, size and development, and organization level of DCSL in the 5th, 8th and 14th week of pregnancy in pigs. Examinations were carried out on 25 pig fetuses (at the 40th, 60th and the 97th day of gestation), coming from one breeding farm. The material was fixed in 10% formalin solution before carrying out topological, morphological and histological examinations. Observations concentrated on the dorsal superficial cervical lymph nodes (DSCL). Topological analysis confirmed that DSCL location in fetal life is different than in postnatal life. A slight shift in the caudal-ventral direction was observed during the prenatal development. It was revealed that DSCL have different shapes, with a tendency to oval-shapes in the oldest age group and the growth in size between the 60th and 97th day of gestation is more intense than in length of fetus bodies. One lymph node on each side of the body was observed in the majority of subjects. Histological examinations facilitated observing the development of the histological structures from germs - in the form of accumulated mesenchymal cells with singly transforming lymphoblasts, through to the intermediate stage - with more transforming lymphoblasts and lymphatic nodules lying in the center and in the periphery of lymph node's parenchyma, to the mature fetal lymph nodes - with lymphocytes, and with lymphatic nodules present only in the lymph node's center.