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The jugular foramen (JF) varies in shape and size from side to side in the same cranium, and in different crania, racial groups and sexes. Side dominance is also said to be common. The foramen’s irregular shape, its formation by two bones and the numerous nerves and venous channels that pass through it further compound its anatomy. A morphometric study of 20 (40 JF) adult male Nigerian dry skulls was carried out. A bony bridge completely partitioned the JF in 3 (7.5%) of the JF. There was no tripartite JF. The JF mean length on the right and left were 13.90 mm (11.6–17.0 mm) and 14.11 mm (9.2–20.2 mm), while their widths measured 10.22 mm (6.8– –14.4 mm) and 9.57 mm (7.4–12.8 mm) on the right and left respectively. The mean JF area on the right was 437.49 mm (265.35–669.54 mm) and that on the left was 419.48mm (276.46–634.60 mm). Side predominance of one of the JF appeared in 80% of cases. When present, the predominance of the right side was 55%, with 25% on the left. There was a difference in the length and width on each side but no significant difference in the length, width and area of the JF between the two sides. There was a positive correlation between skull width/ length and height/length ratio and JF area and length on each side. In conclusion, complete bony subdivision of the JF was not common among our study population and although the JF was generally larger on the right in our population, this is not statistically significant. A higher skull width/length and height/length ratio is associated with a greater JF length and area.
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В условиях повышенного спроса на древесину и постоянной тенденпии к переработке все более тонких сортиментов круглой древесины ледует считаться с трудностями в обеспечении соответствующих количеств пиломатериалов одинаковой крупной ширины. В связи с этим были проведены исследования по проверке и испольэванию технологических возможностей, которые бы позволили использовать в производстве пиломатериалы с шириной более узкой, чем ширина клееных элементов. Лабораторные опыты охватывали следующие этапы: а) изготовление из соснового пиломатериала толщиной 25 мм образпов размером 50 х 50 х 25 мм, б) выполнение соединения 2 образцов их боковыми поверхностями (поперек волокон) - с помощью склеивания, - с помощью желобчатых круглых широв размером 6 х 32, 8 х 36 и 10 х 40 мм.
Loiseleuria is a monotypic genus of the family Ericaceae. The only species of this genus, L. procumbens, is an arctic-alpine element with a circumpolar distribution, found in the subarctic zone and in mountain ranges located further south. Results of earlier research on the structure of its fruits and seeds (Szkudlarz 2002) suggested that there are some differences between populations from different parts of its natural range of distribution. To verify this hypothesis, seed dimensions in samples from distant localities were compared in this study. The presented results indicate that in populations from Scandinavia seeds are generally shorter than in central Europe.
Variability of the bony structures located in the maxillary sinus, and of the lateral nasal wall topography, have practical significance during surgical procedures conducted by maxillofacial surgeons or otolaryngologists. The retrospective analysis of 111 computed tomography examinations of patients (52 male and 59 female) diagnosed in our institution was made to evaluate anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus. In the study the frequency of the Haller cell was 29/222 (13%), and the prevalence of one or more septa per sinus was 49/222 (26%). The infraorbital recess was found in 6/222 (3%) of cases. The mean width of the nasal duct was enlarged at the side where the Haller cell was present (p < 0.01) or where bony septa were absent in the maxillary sinus (p < 0.01). Bony structures of the maxillary sinus and changes in topography of the lateral nasal wall should compel surgeons to carefully analyze the computed tomography scans before operations in this area. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 4: 260–264)
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