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Omówiono wpływ prędkości wiatru na równomierność deszczowania i na tym tle przedstawiono zakres i metodykę badań w tym zakresie. Podano również wyniki tych badań oraz sprecyzowano wnioski wynikające z tych prac.
Barchans are characterized by a symmetric shape independently of their stage of development and the axis of symmetry parallels to the dominant wind direction. However, shape of the dunes can be modified by several factors, among which most important are: change of wind regime, dune collisions or interaction of closely spaced dunes, ground surface relief, asymmetric sediment supply. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of short-term (diurnal) and long-term (seasonal) changes in wind direction and velocity on shape of barchan dunes. The study was conducted in southern Moroccan area of Western Sahara, between Tarfaya and Laâyoune. This area is characterised by significant variability of active wind (RDP/DP=0,66) which is unfavourable for barchans development. Measurements were conducted in two spring seasons of 2011 and 2012 and two autumn seasons of 2007 and 2011. 52 isolated barchans were selected for detailed studies. Based on GPS-RTK measurements, precise 3D models of the landforms were obtained allowing the detailed analysis of dune shapes. Changes of basie morphological parameters were analyzed as well as shape changes occurring the windward slope and within dunes horns. The shapes of the barchans were correlated with the short-term and the long-term wind regime. It was found that basic morphological parameters are not good indicators of wind variability, with the exception of barchan horns lengths which change according to the seasonal wind regime. Short-term wind regime changes are well registered by: i) "collars" developing along the dune crestlines, ii) "tongues" developing at the ends of dune horns and iii) location of the dune apex. On the other hand, beaded horns testify for very strong wind. I was found, that mentioned features develop and undergo modification during first days or even hours of changed wind regime. The analyzes of barchan shapes, performed in different seasons, proved that even a several-month long period of highly diversified wind regime does not change basie shape of the barchans. Therefore, it can be inferred that barchans development does not depend exclusively on wind regime.
Contemporary morphological changes of star dunes are observed mainly in certain parts of these dunes. They occur as lateral migration of crestlines of dune arms and modifications of inclination of their slopes. The aim of the research was to determine annual variability of shapes of compound and complex star dunes in bimodal wind regime. Precise measurements of 5 star dunes were performed with use of GPS RTK in March, 2011, and March, 2012, on Erg Chebbi (Morocco). Based on these measurements, 3D models of the dunes were created, which in turn, allowed for calculation of annual magnitude and direction of crestlines migration of star dune main arms. The results show that the resultant drift direction was in accordance with long-term regime of active wind in the study area. Both, the resultant drift direction and its magnitude were similar in all studied dunes. Variability of star dune shapes occurred to be independent from their stage of development (size of a dune) or its type. The most important feature determining morphodynamics of the star dune arms are: i) the angle between the arms and the active wind, and ii) slope inclination of the arms.
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