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Genetic characterization of the giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna (Platyhelminthes: Fasciolidae) from the Adirondack Region of Northern New York

100%

Parker A., David A. A.

Acta Parasitologica

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2021

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tom 66

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nr 1

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Spermatozoan numbers and characteristics of associated organs in male white-tailed deer during the breeding season

100%

Peles J. D., Rhodes O. E., Smith M. H.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 1

Short-term changes in testicular spermatozoa, testes weight, testes length, epididymes weight, epididymal spermatozoa, and body weight of adult and yearling male white-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) were examined over a 9-week period that included the peak of the breeding season in South Carolina. Mean values for all characteristics were significantly greater in adults compared to yearlings. Values for reproductive characteristics tended to be highest during the last week in October or the first week in November and decreased over the course of the investigation. Body weight of adults decreased from late October through early December, whereas body weight of yearlings fluctuated only slightly throughout the 9-week period. Significant correlations were observed among all reproductive characteristics and body weight was highly correlated with all characteristics except testicular spermatozoa. Values for reproductive characteristics differed significantly between the right and left sides of the reproductive tracts. Results demonstrate the occurrence of short-term changes in reproductive capabilities of white-tailed deer that are relevant for the development of management strategies for this species

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Relationship between dominance and antler cycle in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus

100%

Bartos L., Miller K. V., Osborn D.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 4

We tested the hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between rank and order of casting antlers in white-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) and that dominant individuals will start antler regrowth and velvet shedding earlier than subordinates. We assessed dominance relationship among 14 bucks (1.5 to 7.5 years-of-age) confined in a 0.6 ha enclosure and related hierarchal position to timing of antler casting, initiation of antler regrowth, and initiation of velvet shedding. During 66 observation sessions we recorded 2833 agonistic interactions. Bucks developed an unstable hierarchy with relatively frequent changes in rank, particularly in the upper half of the hierarchy. Antler casting dates were positively correlated with age and wins and losses of agonistic encounters; correlations with body mass approached significance. When age was eliminated as a confounding factor by partial correlation, no significant relationship between antler casting date and other characteristics occurred, except losses. When body mass was eliminated by partial correlation, the relationship between casting date and losses was more pronounced. Timing of antler regrowth was negatively correlated with age, body mass, rank and wins, while positively correlated with losses. The start of velvet shedding was negatively correlated with rank position. Our results are in apparent contrast with previous studies. However, our experimental group contained more individuals in a confined area than is typical for the species. Whitetails may be more susceptible to social stress in captivity than more gregarious species such as red deer, resulting in variable responses to rank position.

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Spermatozoan numbers and testicular characteristics of male white-tailed deer fawns during the mating season

100%

Peles J. D., Rhodes O. E., Smith M. H.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 1

Testicular spermatozoan numbers, testes weight, testes length, body weight, and kidney fat index (KFI) were obtained for male white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780) fawns during the mating season at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina, Mean values for testicular spermatozoa, testes weight, and testes length increased significantly over the study period (late October - late December) whereas body weight and KFI did not change with time. Testicular spermatozoa were found in 28% of all fawns examined and the proportion of sexually mature fawns increased greatly over the course of the study and was highest during December. These findings suggest that mate fawns breed later than adults at a time that coincides with the mean conception date in doe fawns. Testes weight, testes length, body weight, and KFI were significantly greater in fawns with testicular spermatozoa compared to those without testicular spermatozoa. We suggest that testes weight is closely associated with the presence of testicular spermatozoa in fawns from SRS.

5

Competition in sympatric white-tailed deer and cattle populations in southern pine forests of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA

80%

Jenks J. A., Leslie D. M., Lochmiller R. L., Melchiors M. A., McCollum III F. T.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 3

Inferences on competitive interactions between white-tailed deer Odocoileus uirgi- nianus (Zimmermann, 1780) and cattle were made using information on diet composition and quality. We hypothesized that dietary overlap between deer and cattle would increase with cattle density and that quality of deer diets would be higher in areas not exposed to cattle than in areas that were stocked with moderate to high cattle densities. Three treatments were delineated in McCurtain County, Oklahoma (heavy cattle stocking), and Howard (moderate to light cattle stocking) and Pike (no cattle stocking) counties, Arkansas. Treatments were similar with respect to soils and vegetation but differed with respect to cattle stocking rate (ie number of cattle/ha). Deer and cattle diets and concentrations of fecal nitrogen (FN) {an index to dietary quality) were determined from feces that were obtained from .12 randomly selected collection areas (4/treatment) from October 1986 to October 1988. Dietary overlap of deer and cattle was highest in winter and lowest in summer. Dietary overlap of deer populations was lowest for populations exposed to heavy cattle stocking and no cattle stocking, which suggested that competition between the deer and cattle occurred in winter. Fecal nitrogen was iowest in deer feces collected from treatments with cattle stocking in February but higher in August and October. Both dietary quality and dietary overlap suggested possible competitive interactions between deer and cattle in winter. However, higher dietary forb and dietary quality for deer in summer exposed to cattle suggested that cattle can facilitate growth of early successional plant species in pine habitats.

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Morphology of the white-tailed deer tarsal gland

80%

Osborn D. A., Miller K. V., Hoffman D. M., Dickerson W. H., Gassett J. W., Quist C. F.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 1

The communication of reproductive information in cervids is thought to be accomplished by odors associated with skin glands. The tarsal glands of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780), in particular, are the focus of many breeding behaviors and appear to attract the interest of conspecifics. These glands are annointed with urine with increasing frequency as the breeding season approaches and may convey social odors relating to dominance, reproductive condition, or individual recognition. We collected tarsal glands from male and female white-tailed deer of various ages during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Using light microscopy, we examined skin biopsies of tarsal glands microscopically to quantify sebaceous and apocrine glandular activity. Measurements of sebaceous and apocrine glands did not differ between sexes or seasons, or among age classes. During the breeding season, the tarsal tufts of older males become darkly stained. Although the tarsal glands of white-tailed deer are important in conspecific communication, the staining and associated odors appears to be unrelated to variations in the sebaceous or apocrine gland activity. Rather, odor production on the tarsal gland likely results from interactions among urinary constituents, microbial decomposition, and glandular secretions.

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Towards the serodiagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis and Elaphostrongylus cervi in white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus], in red deer [Cervus elaphus] and in North American elk [Cervus canadensis]

80%

Duffy M. S., Burt M. B. B.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1998

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tom 44

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nr 3

8

Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations

80%

Scribner K. T.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

Natural populations of many species are increasingly impacted by human activities. Perturbations are particularly pronunced for large ungulates due in part to sport and commercial harvest, to reductions and fragmentation of native habitat, and as the result of reintroductions. These perturbations affect population size, sex and age composition, and population breeding structure, and as a consequence affect the levels and partitioning of genetic variation. Three case histories highlighting long-term ecological genetic research on mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817), white-tailed deer O. virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780), and Alpine ibex Capra i. ibex Linnaeus, 1758 are presented. Joint examinations of population ecological and genetic data from several populations of each species reveal: (1) that populations are not in genetic equilibrium, but that allele frequencies and heterozygosity change dramatically over time and among cohorts produced in successive years, (2) populations are genetically structured over short and large geographic distances reflecting local breeding structure and patterns of gene flow, respectively; however, this structure is quite dynamic over time, due in part to population exploitation, and (3) restocking programs are often undertaken with small numbers of founding individuals resulting in dramatic declines in levels of genetic variability and increasing levels of genetic differentiation among populations due to genetic drift. Genetic characteristics have and will continue to provide valuable indirect sources of information relating enviromental and human perturbations to changes in population processes.

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Morphological investigations of the winter coat in white-tailed deer: Differences in skin, glands and hair structure of various body regions

80%

Bubenik G. A.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 1

Skin and hair samples taken from seven body areas of a winter hair coat of a male and a female yearling white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman, 1780 were investigated morphologically. The color, length, diameter, density and relative proportion of guard and wooly hair was determined from the histological sections. In addition, the epidermal thickness, and the shape, density, location and structure of sebaceous and sudoriferous glands were also determined .A reciprocal relationship was found between the insulation values of the pelage, the epidermal thickness and the amount of either gland. The areas known to provide the best insulation (the tail and the belly) exhibited the thinnest epidermis, the highest density of hair and the highest concentration of sebaceous glands. In reverse, the region with the lowest insulation capacity (the leg) exhibits the thickest epidermis, the lowest hair density and the highest amount of sudoriferous glands.

10

Effect of domestic cattle on the condition of female white-tailed deer in Southern pine-bluestem forests, USA

80%

Jenks J. A., Leslie D. M.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 1

Effect of domestic cattle stocking on the nutritional condition of white-tailed deerOdocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780) was assessed using physiological indices of collected specimens. Three study areas were delineated in McCurtain County, Oklahoma (heavy cattle stocking), and Howard (moderate to light cattle stocking) and Pike (no cattle stocking) counties, Arkansas that were similar with respect to soils and vegetation but differed with respect to cattle stocking rate. Female white-tailed deer were collected from study areas in February and August 1987–1988 to assess nutritional condition. Deer collected from study areas exposed to cattle grazing in February had lower carcass weights, fat attributes (femur marrow and kidney fat), and reproductive rates (fetuses/doe) than deer that were not exposed to cattle grazing. In August, deer collected from the moderate cattle area had heavier eviscerated carcass weights, serum glucose, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratios than deer collected from the heavy cattle area. Results suggest that if cattle are removed from managed forests in winter, nutritional condition of deer would be improved because of reduced competition for food.

Ograniczanie wyników

Genetic characterization of the giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna (Platyhelminthes: Fasciolidae) from the Adirondack Region of Northern New York

Spermatozoan numbers and characteristics of associated organs in male white-tailed deer during the breeding season

Relationship between dominance and antler cycle in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus

Spermatozoan numbers and testicular characteristics of male white-tailed deer fawns during the mating season

Competition in sympatric white-tailed deer and cattle populations in southern pine forests of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA

Morphology of the white-tailed deer tarsal gland

Towards the serodiagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis and Elaphostrongylus cervi in white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus], in red deer [Cervus elaphus] and in North American elk [Cervus canadensis]

Conservation genetics of managed ungulate populations

Morphological investigations of the winter coat in white-tailed deer: Differences in skin, glands and hair structure of various body regions

Effect of domestic cattle on the condition of female white-tailed deer in Southern pine-bluestem forests, USA