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Reaction of six winter wheat culti vars and lines (Vlasta, Šárka, Charger, 00ST022, SG-U8044C a SG-U2113B) to Mycosphaerella graminicola isolate BR-331 and UH-05 on leaf segments of the detached second seedling leaf of cultivars placed on water agar with bezimidazole in clear plastic box were tested. The isolate BR-331 produced high occurrence of the disease in the cultivar Šárka, middle occurrence (the percentage covered by lesions bearing pycnidia) in the cultivar Vlasta and SG-U8044C and low occurrence in the line 00ST0022. The isolate UH-105 produced high occurrence in the cultivar 00ST022 and middle occurrence in the cultivar Vlasta. The cultivar Charger was resistant. The cultivar Šárka was attacked at least. Results show on different virulence of M. graminicola isolates to wheat cultivars.
The 1999-2001 study investigated the effect of simplified tillage methods on culm base diseases in eight winter wheat cultivars as cereal crop rotations with a yearly cereal cultivation intermission. The disease intensity was more affected by the weather over the growing season than by the tillage methods applied. A decreased rainfall over flowering and draught in June and July of 2000 decreased infection and revealed no differences between the traditional method and direct sowing. However in 1999 and 2000 an intensified culm base occurrence was recorded due to traditional soil cultivation and weather conditions were most responsible for differences in the number of fungi across the tillage methods. Wheat cultivars were most infected by Fusarium fungi, while F. culmorum and F. equiseti were most intensive whenever traditional land cultivation was applied, unlike ploughless tillage of 1999. In 2000, however, F. culmorum was more numerous when direct sowing was app.
Aluminum (Al) resistance of 57 Madeiran wheat cultivars was evaluated using callose content in root tips and root elongation as markers. Al induced callose formation was a very sensitive indicator of Al damage detecting wide range of genotypic differences existing in the Madeiran wheat germplasm. A weak, yet positive correlation (R2=0.285, P<0.05) be-ween callose content and root elongation was found.
In the years 1999-2001, using two forecrops – spring wheat and winter rape, crop yields of 6 wheat cultivars were compared in the conditions of the conventional (ploughed) tillage, simplified (ploughless) and direct seeding methods. On the basis of discriminant function analysis and analysis of concentration using the nearest neighbour method large variations in crop yields for the particular cultivars were revealed in relation to the 3 cultivation methods and 2 forecrops. The simplified tillage variants led to decreased crop yields. The greatest discriminating power for differentiating the examined genotypes was exhibited by the conventional (ploughed) soil cultivation on the two forecrops as well as the simplified method and direct seeding on the stand after spring wheat. ‘Izolda’ and ‘Kobra’ cultivars were marked by a higher average crop yield in the examined environments, compared to the other genotypes.
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