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Constructed wetlands are eco-friendly, cost-effective technology involved in treatment of wastewaters. The goal of this study is focused on characterization of microbial community existing in a constructed wetland system planted with Cyperus alternifolius treating sewage contaminated with heavy metals. The characteristics of effluent met the standards of discharge for inland use and irrigation. Microbes in constructed wetland apparently play a pivotal role in the efficiency of system for removal of organics, nutrients, suspended solids and heavy metal. To expose the active players in the lime light, a representative soil sample from the reed bed was collected and characterized for microbial community analysis. Metagenomic studies of the bacterial and fungal flora were identified. Results revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria (38.27%) and Ascomycota (77.47%) dominated in the bacterial and fungal kingdom respectively. However, in the bacterial kingdom at species level major portion remain unclassified except Pseudomonas alcaligenes but in the fungal kingdom at species level only 3.1% remain unclassified. The role of bacteria in wastewater treatment is exemplified in previous reports but the role of fungi in the wastewater system needs exploration. However, the findings reveal that the identified microbes might have definitely played a vital role in wastewater treatment. The database available for the identification of bacterial species remain undiscovered for a major portion and requires upgradation. Next generation sequence being a high-end technology in microbial ecology decodes the entire community in environmental samples but lack of database limits the identification. Implementation of improvements in the paucity of databases is essential.
A hydrophyte treatment system was constructed in Bielkowo in order to protect drinking water intake for the city of Gdansk against surface and point sources of contaminants. The system consists of two subunits: a wet unit (pond), filled with water all the time and a dry unit (extension of the pond), designed for storm water. In the wet unit are placed dams constructed of medium size sand. The system, especially dams, is inhibited with macrophytes. The drainage system collects water percolating through dams, and directs it downstream. The system was constructed in 1997. After implementation of the system substantial improvement in water quality occurred.
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