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The aim of this article was to examine the level and other various aspects of dairy cattle welfare in Mazowieckie and Podlaskie province, as well as to indicate existing differences. The research was conducted in 2012 on a sample of 150 farms. Based on the survey, it was found that the overall level of welfare is higher in Mazowieckie than in Podlaskie province. At the same time the milk yield achieved in farms located in Mazowieckie province was lower than in farms located in Podlaskie province. This relationship was similar in the case of veterinary costs. Finally, the level of gross margin achieved from farm per cow was higher in Mazowieckie than Podlaskie province.
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Proper care of dogs from their owner’s perspective

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Proper care of dogs from their owner's perspective. The aim of the study was to examine the level of awareness of dog owners regarding the needs of dogs and ways of providing them with proper care. In order to provide dogs with proper care one needs to consider both the specific requirements of the species, as well as the expectations of the owners. The owner (in Poland) awareness survey was carried out by means of an internet diagnostic survey. The survey was performed on a group of 424 people currently owning dogs. Surveyed were asked 12 questions. The results of the survey were processed statistically (SPSS 23.0 statistical package). In order to divide the respondents into groups of various awareness of dog welfare, a clustering analysis was performed using k-means clustering. In order to estimate the differences in several independent variable samples the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The respondents attributed the largest weight to medical costs (0.847) and physical activity associated with owning a dog (0.844). They regarded the costs of keep least important (0.548). The differences were confirmed statistically. Already during the phase of making the decision about owning a dog the more aware persons search for information about the animal. Such people declare o greater weight of all elements of dog care associated with welfare. This relation is evident in case of grooming and providing the dog with walks. The obtained results of the survey show that the majority of the respondents are people knowing the needs of their dogs.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of haptoglobin (Hp) determination as an index in the monitoring of sheep welfare and health status in the pre- and post-slaughter period. The research results indicate a strict correlation between concentration of ovine serum haptoglobin and the presence and severity of pathological lesions visualised in the internal organs at the post-mortem examination. The Hp assay in live sheep prior to transportation to a slaughterhouse allows identifying the animals with subclinical infections. Thus, the Hp index may be used for an assessment into the state of the sheep's health in the pre-slaughter period by the veterinary inspection and as a safety measure of food of animal origin. Besides, a serum haptoglobin content established in sheep intended for slaughter may aid in the evaluation of the animal welfare at transportation and body condition after it as well as in the period following the 48 h rest time before slaughter.
The study examined the effect of catfish production on smallholder farmers’ welfare in Osun State, Nigeria using the Odo-Otin Local Government Area of Osun State as a case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 109 farmers and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and a multiple regression model were used to analyse data. Results show that the majority (67.9%) of the catfish farmers were male, married (64.2%), with s mean age of 44 years (±13.1), and more than three-quarters (78.9%) had tertiary education. The majority of the catfish farmers (85.3%) raised fish to table size (grow-out) and 55.0% used static renewal technology. The average gross margin of ₦172,246 ($545) per production season (5–6 months) and BCR of 1.66 indicate that catfish farming is profitable and feasible. Regression results indicate that cost of feed and quantity of catfish harvested significantly increase the quantity of catfish sold, and quantities of catfish harvested and sold significantly increase food expenditure by farmers. Therefore, farm inputs (especially feed) should be subsidised by governments to encourage effective use of inputs to increase catfish production and subsequently, the welfare of farmers. Also, effort should be intensified at building the capacity of the farmers through education so as to enhance the adoption of technology which would invariably translate to better yields and income.
The performed investigations aimed at assessing the welfare of horses in accordance with the rules and methods of zoohygienic inventory. The investigations were performed and the measurements taken at the Wolica riding complex of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The basic parameters creating the microclimate were evaluated in the research described in the paper "The welfare of horses assessed by the investigations of chosen parameters of the stable microclimate" published in the present issue of Animal Science. Using the rules and methods of zoohygienic inventory the current paper presents the farm buildings, their equipment, ventilation system and closest surroundings in which the horses are kept. The investigations included the concentration of ammonia in the stables, to demonstrate the effectiveness of drains and ventilation. The obtained results were compared with the binding standards. The obtained results show that the parameters agree with zoohygienic recommendations and exceed the standards only sporadically. The welfare of animals was maintained.
Among equestrians the “natural” training methods of horses are gaining widespread popularity due to their spectacular efficiency. Underlying philosophy of trainers - founders of different “natural horsemanship training” (NHT) schools, along with other not well documented statements includes argumentation of solely welfare- and human-friendly effects of NHT in the horse. The aim of this review was to screen scientific papers related to NHT to answer the question whether „natural” training methods may actually exert only positive effects upon equine mental state and human-horse relationship. It appears that NHT trainers may reduce stress and emotional tension and improve learning processes as they appropriately apply learning stimuli. Basing on revised literature it can be concluded that training is successful provided that [i] the strength of the aversive stimulus meets sensitivity of an individual horse, [ii] the aversive stimulus is terminated at a right moment to avoid the impression of punishment, and [iii] the animal is given enough time to assess its situation and make an independent decision in the form of adequate behavioural reaction.Neglecting any of these conditions may lead to substantial emotional problems, hyperactivity, or excessive fear in the horse-human relationship, regardless of the training method.However, we admit that the most successful NHT trainers reduce aversive stimulation to the minimum and that horses learn quicker with fear or stress reactions, apparently decreasing along with training process. Anyway, NHT should be acknowledged for absolutely positive role in pointing out the importance of proper stimulation in the schooling and welfare of horses.
The performed investigations aimed at assessing the welfare of horses on the basis of the examination of chosen parameters of the stable microclimate. The investigations were carried out at the Wolica horse riding complex of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The objects of the investigations were two buildings with breeding environments. The investigations were carried out during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The investigated basic parameters of the microclimate were: air temperature, relative humidity, air cooling force and movement as well as the type and intensity of lighting. The results were compared with the binding norms. The obtained results show that the parameters agree with the recommendations of animal hygiene exceeding the norms only sporadically. The welfare was maintained.
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