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Myotis nattereri born and reared by their mothers in a flight room had a mean birth body mass of 3.4 g and forearm length of 17.00 mm. Infants opened their eyes at 6 days old, and they were no longer always found roosting attached to their mothers after this age. They were fully furred at 7-8 days and began to flap their wings at days. Growth was initially rapid and linear until 20 days of age and then slowed. At 58-60 days, mean body mass was 8.8 g (89% of adult mass) and mean forearm length was 40.55 mm (98% of adult length). Juveniles began to fly at 20 days, at which age their forearm length was 93.4% of mean adult value. Forearm data were best fitted by the logistic growth model (k = 0.18; asymptotic length = 40.79 mm for males) and body mass data by the von Bertalanffy equation (k = 0.10; asymptotic mass = 8.42 g for males). Pre-flight growth and development rates were similar to those in other British vespertilionid bats, but M. nattereri showed very rapid development of foraging ability after they began to fly. Mothers suckled only their own infants and transported flightless young between roost boxes, on average every 5.3 days.
The experiment was performed on piglets, divided into control and experimental groups The experimental group received orally, from the birth to the 35th d of life, 0.4 g/kg b.w. /d of L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln). One week after weaning the piglets were killed and the small intestine and bones were sampled for histological analyses. Measurements of bone physical and geometric properties were performed according to Ferreti method. The mineral density was analysed by the DEXA method. Ala-Gin treated piglets had a higher body weight at the 35 d of age compared to that of the control piglets. Mucosa thickness, villus length, and crypt depth in the jejunum of the piglets showed higher values compared to controls. In Ala-Gin treated piglets bone physical and geometric parameters and mineral density were significantly higher, and the bone structure revealed a shift in its organisation and mineralization process. In conclusion, oral administration of Ala-Gln protects the piglets from body weight loss and intestinal hypotrophy correlated with weaning and preserved the normal development of the femora during the post-weaning period.
The course of S. papillosus infection in lambs born by ewes affected with this disease was estimated on the basis of the presence of parasitic eggs in faeces. The examinations were started 2 weeks prior to the expected parturition and were continued in lambs and their mothers at 2-week intervals until the lambs were 100 days old. It was demonstrated that 60% or the lambs had been infected with S. papillosus by the third week of their life. In their mothers, increased infection extensity was found at the perinatal period.
Most of the strategies developed to reduce weaning diarrhea and to improve the health and performance of pigs are targeted at the post-weaning period and concern modifications of feed composition and/or supplementation with a variety of feed additives. Studies on the physiology of gastrointestinal tract development, however, clearly demonstrated a conflict between the immaturity of the gut mucosa and early weaning. A kidney bean lectin preparation (Suilectin™, Biolek, Poland) was designed to speed up the maturation of the pig gastrointestinal mucosa before weaning. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of Suilectin™ under practical conditions. The study was performed in a single farm on the total of 3575 piglets, some of which orally received a single dose of Suilectin™ when they were 10-12 d of age (3.27 ± 0.04 kg body weight, BW). Piglets were weaned when they were 25-26 d of life. Their body weight, food intake, clinical health, and veterinary costs were calculated. Suilectin™-treated pigs were characterized by a higher BW at weaning, a lower incidence of post-weaning diarrhea, lower costs of veterinary treatment, and lower mortality as compared to control.
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