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Analysis of water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat grown under mildly dry conditions

100%

Faber A., Jarosz Z., Rutkowska A.

Polish Journal of Agronomy

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2016

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nr 26

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in crops of winter wheat is of interest in Poland, due to their significant share in the sown area. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the relationships between grain (Yd) and N yields (Yn), NUE, Water Use Efficiency (WUE) depending on N rates (F) and actual potential evapotranspiration (APET). The study used the results of field experiments, conducted in the years 2003–2013 in two locations in Poland. In the experiments, wheat was fertilized with doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N/ha under the fertilization with P, K, Mg and Ca. It was found that the dose range of 80 ± 40 kg N/ha allowed to obtain Yd of 5.34 ± 1.43 t/ha and NUE values of 116 ± 17%, which brought the risk of soil N mining. Increasing N doses (160 ± 40 kg/ha) increased Yd (6.08 ± 0.71 t/ha) and allowed for obtaining the desired values of NUE (73 ± 5%), Yn (119 ± 18 kg/ha) and N surplus (43 ± 13 kg/ha). The performed statistical analysis showed that Yd, Yn and WUE had grown with increasing doses of N under the influence of water shortages in the range of APET less than 398 mm. Under these conditions positive interaction between Yd, Yn, WUE depending on F and APET has been demonstrated. Only for a dose of 200 kg N/ha were found negative interactions between Yd, WUE on F and APET. NUE decreased with increasing N doses. The relationship between NUE and WUE was positive but specific for N doses due to the statistically significant interaction of F×WUE. The maximum value of WUE obtained in the experiments was 26 kg grain/ha/mm. In the absence of limiting factors WUE increased linearly together with growing NUE up to the value of 93.9% and then linearly decreased. In the range of the desired NUE values (50–90%), WUE values were between 16,4–23,5 kg grain/ha/mm.

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Effect of copper deficiency on gas exchange parameters, leaf greenness [SPAD] and yield of perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L] and orchard grass [Dactylis glomerata L.]

67%

Olszewska M., Grzegorczyk S., Alberski J., Baluch-Malecka A., Kozikowski A.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 4

597-604

Copper is essential for the growth and development of plants. This micronutrient affects chlorophyll content, photosynthesis process and water relations in the plant. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of copper deficiency in soil on the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, water use efficiency, leaf greenness and the yield of selected cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). During the growing season, the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration was measured using a LI-COR 6400 gas analyzer (Portable Photosynthesis System), and leaf greenness was estimated with a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated based on instantaneous values of photosynthesis and transpiration. Dry matter yield was determined by green matter drying to constant weight at 105oC. The results of the study indicate that copper deficiency significantly decreased the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, chlorophyll concentration in leaves and the yield of all investigated cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cv. Maja was found to be most resistant to copper deficiency – it was characterized by a high rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, and by the highest chlorophyll content. The yield of cv. Maja attained under copper deficit conditions was comparable to that of other cultivars grown under control conditions.

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Effect of manganese deficiency on gas exchange parameters, leaf greenness SPAD] and yield of perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L] and orchard grass [Dactylis glomerata L.]

67%

Olszewska M., Grzegorczyk S.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 4

589-596

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of manganese deficiency in soil on the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, water use efficiency, leaf greenness and the yield of selected cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). During the growing season, the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration was measured using a LI-COR 6400 gas analyzer (Portable Photosynthesis System), and leaf greenness was estimated with a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated based on instantaneous values of photosynthesis and transpiration. Dry matter yield was determined by green matter drying to constant weight at 105oC. The results of the study indicate that the response of grasses to manganese deficiency in soil was dependent on plant species and cultivar. In the present experiment perennial ryegrass cultivars showed a stronger response to manganese deficit than orchard grass cultivars. Their response involved a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, and in the chlorophyll content of leaves. Among the tested cultivars, perennial ryegrass cv. Maja was found to be most sensitive to manganese deficiency in soil, as confirmed by the highest decrease in the values of all examined parameters.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Journal of Elementology

1 Polish Journal of Agronomy

2 Grzegorczyk S.

2 Olszewska M.

1 Alberski J.

1 Baluch-Malecka A.

1 Faber A.

1 Jarosz Z.

1 Kozikowski A.

1 Rutkowska A.

1 2016

2 2008

Analysis of water and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat grown under mildly dry conditions

Effect of copper deficiency on gas exchange parameters, leaf greenness [SPAD] and yield of perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L] and orchard grass [Dactylis glomerata L.]

Effect of manganese deficiency on gas exchange parameters, leaf greenness SPAD] and yield of perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L] and orchard grass [Dactylis glomerata L.]