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The aim of the present work was to assess the functioning of the integrated treatment process of surface water in the Water Treatment Plant (ZUW) in Jarosław between 2008–2015. The application of factor analysis made it possible to reduce the number of random variables down to the set described by four principal components, including two variables related to the bacteriological quality of water. It was observed that the removal of the component bacteria in 2011–2015 (after the modernization of the Water Treatment Plant), during the filtration and disinfection process, was 100% effective. Microfiltration membranes with a nominal pore size of 0.1 μm proved effective in removing both protozoa and pathogenic bacteria from the captured water. The use of the microfiltration technique in the coagulation-integrated system has increased the effectiveness of the conventional disinfection of surface water.
The results of a pot experiment on soil application of sewage sludge samples (at the rate of 200 g DM • pot-1) from 19 sewage treatment plants localized in region of the Green Lungs of Poland in three areas: the Great Masurian Lakes, Iława Ostróda Lake District and Łyna River Basin, are discussed in the paper. The sewage treatment plants had different capacities, received different shares of industrial sewage water and used different technologies of sewage sludge dewatering. In the pot experiment the following five vegetable crops were grown (without winter break): root celery, lettuce, small radish, Swiss chard and spinach. Before planting the first plant (celery) and after harvesting the last plant in the rotation (spinach), physical and chemical properties of the soil were studied in order to determine if the amendment of soil with sewage sludge could pose any environmental risk to the growth of vegetable crops. It was found that most of the applied samples of sewage sludge did not produce adverse effects on the determined parameters. In many cases, the content of organic carbon increased soil retention properties were improved under the effect of sewage sludge. Sewage sludge form Zalewo, because of its high content of chromium, was implied as being hazardous for growing plants, as it could result in soil and plant contamination. When sewage sludge from Olsztyn, Olsztynek and Spychowo was applied to soil, zinc contamination occurred.
Microbiological research of bioaerosols was carried out at the Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant in Toruń. The concentration of selected bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the atmospheric air was estimated in the vicinity of sand catchers, aeration chambers and maturing compost piles, as well as 100 m beyond the treatment plant. It was found that the air at the test stands showed different degrees of microbiological pollution. The largest bioaerosol emission sources were the sand catcher and the maturing compost storage facility. The total number of bacteria and fungi amounted to a maximum of 104 CFU m-3 and of actinomy­cetes - 103 CFU m-3. The bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas (fluorescent subgroup) occurred at all the stands throughout the study except December. The number of Escherichia coli and bacteria of the genera Enterococcus and Salmonella remained at the very low level of about 10'CFU m-3, and of all these bacteria only fecal streptococci D-type were isolated at stand 4 (beyond the treatment plant). On the basis of the research carried out and the results obtained at the control stand one may conclude that the test facility does not pose a hazard in respect of the tested bacteria emission.
It is demonstrated that contamination of water distribution systems with fungi is determined by the number and species composition of the mycoflora of waters supplying a given Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and the effectiveness of their removal in the unit processes of water treatment used. In the water dis­tribution system examined, a significant number of microorganisms occurring in waters supplying the WTP was reduced in the water supplied to the system to 200 cfu l-1 following sorption, coagulation, filtration and disinfection processes. Their number did not exceed 267 cfu l-1 in the water phase in the distribution system while it was as many as 1000-5000-times greater in the biomass "suspended" in it. These organisms occurred sporadically in pipe sediments. Moulds, including species pathogenic and potentially pathogenic to humans and warm-blooded animals, constituted the mycoflora.
Miedwie Lake is the biggest post-glacial lake of the West-Pomeranian Voievodship. At the same time it is the fifth of the largest lakes in Poland. As regards the geographical situation, Miedwie Lake is situated centrally between three big agglomerations i.e. Szczecin, Stargard Szczecinski and Pyrzyce (Fig. 1). The lake lies on the territory of three municipalities: Pyrzyce and Warnice in the District of Pyrzyce as well as Stargard Szczecinski in the District of Stargard (Rozmiarek 1983, Szyper 1990). At the moment, the reservoir is characterised with the regular, prolonged shape resembling an ellipse. Banks are shallow, regular and sometime very wet. The lake has the belt of the nearshore reaching locally tens metres far from the lake bank, what is the reason, together with the fact that the wind blows always here, that it is convenient for practising the various kinds of water sports. The lake area amounts to 3 527 ha; maximal depth – 43.8 m; average depth – 19.3 m; water capacity – 681.7 mln m3; shore-line length – 38.8 km; water level datum 14.1 m above sea level; maximal width 3.16 km; maximal length 16.2 km. The lake’s bottom is the lowest situated area on the territory of Poland.
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