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A remotely operated model ship has been constructed to provide a mobile platform for measurements in the coastal waters. on board both dissolved oxygen and water temperature microcomputer probes as well as data loggers along with a water pump were deployed. This set-up allowed us to cross the coastal breaking wave zone and trace both oxygen and water temperature with a frequency of 1-15 seconds, as well as to collect samples of subsurface water. The constructed model was successfully used under conditions of high wind speed and during the winter, when measurements in coastal waters are most difficult and dangerous. Data on dissolved oxygen distribution showed enhanced oxygen evasion taking place within the breaking wave paths along the coastal barriers. Results indicate that breaking waves control the dissolved oxygen and other gaseous content in the coastal surface waters as well as their water-to-air fluxes.
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Subject of the study are changes of the water temperature occurring on the Polish Baltic coast during years 1951-2010 (in Kołobrzeg, due to deficiencies in the data, for the years 1957-2010). It is expressed in the form of a linear trend. The study was based on the monthly average temperature of the sea water in the following stations: Świnoujście, Międzyzdroje, Kołobrzeg, Władysławowo, Hel and Gdynia. For most of analyzed stations an increase in average annual temperature of the water were observed. The largest one was recorded in Gdynia. In Świnoujście there were no significant changes in water temperature except for the slight its drop in June. A significant increase in the water temperature occurred in Międzyzdroje in February, March, April and May; in Kołobrzeg in January and March; in Władysławowo in January, February, March, April and June and in Hel and Gdynia in February, March, April, May, July and August. The greatest changes were in April in Hel and Gdynia.
The occurrence and abundance of Microcystis aeruginosa were monitored monthly in eutrophic pond water of Ilamiyakkinar temple pond from July 2014 to June 2015. Some environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, free carbon-dioxide (FCO2), total alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen (DO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO2-N) and phosphate are recorded and their relationship with the bloom formation by Microcystis aeruginosa were discussed. The initiation and persistence of Microcystis aeruginosa were founded to be triggered by relatively high water temperature (24 °C to 36.5 °C), pH (7.3 to 8.72) and NO2-N concentration.
After a flood in 1997 that affected the basin of the upper and central Odra River (on selected dam reservoirs, including drinking water reservoirs), the operational water fill ordinates were lowered in order to increase the flood capacity of the reservoirs. One of these reservoirs is the Słup. Its main functions include: compensation of water outflow from the Nysa Szalona and flood protection. This paper presents the analysis of flows of the Nysa Szalona River below and above the Słup Reservoir, analysis of the water table and reservoir capacity, plus quality assessment of water flowing in and out of the reservoir, including stored water. Water quality assessment was based on analyses of the following parameters: NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, BOD₅, CODMn, DO, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, TOC, electrolytic conductivity, water temperature, and TSS. The study shows that in the period of 2005-08 the reservoir significantly compensated flows in the Nysa Szalona River. Significant relationship between the volume of water flowing out of the reservoir and volume of water flowing into the reservoir was observed (statistical significance at the level of p<0.05). A statistical analysis of linear correlations among all investigated water quality indicators at particular measurement points was also carried out. Significance of differences among some average water quality indicators with regard to inflowing and outflowing water was found. In order to protect the Słup Reservoir from pollution, construction of a pre-dam in the reservoir backwater is proposed.
A recent study has shown increased warming in the fjords of west Spitsbergen. Their location is critical, as they are situated along the main northward pathway of Atlantic Water (AW) which is a great source of heat to the Arctic Ocean and the fjords. In the light of ongoing warming, we aim to discuss differences between the fjords under northward transformation of oceanic waters. We compared summer hydrographic conditions in two fjords located in two opposite ends of west Spistbergen: Hornsund in the south and Kongsfjorden in the north. The study is based on high resolution CTD measurements collected during Arctic cruises between 2001 and 2015. The emphasis was put not only on differences in water temperature, salinity and water masses but also the freshwater content (FWC), AW transport and heat delivery to the fjords. In general, the water in Kongsfjorden is on average 18C warmer and its salinity is higher by 0.5 compared to Hornsund. It is also characterized by two times greater transport of AW and heat delivery to the fjord. On the other hand, Hornsund reveals two times higher FWC. Both fjords undergo a gradual warming due to an increased presence of Atlantic origin waters. The ongoing warming is accompanied by an increase in variability of temperature and salinity dependent on the domination of the Sørkapp Current (SC) or the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) on the West Spitsbergen Shelf (WSS). Nonetheless, Hornsund remains more Arctic-type fjord compared to Kongsfjorden, due to stronger blocking by SC.
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