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The Vistula is the Poland’s largest River. It flows from the south to the north and has its mouth in the Baltic Sea. Hydrographically the Vistula is divided into three sections: the Upper Vistula from the source to San tributary; the Middle Vistula up to the Narew tributary; and the Lower Vistula till the outlet to the sea. The Lower Vistula is 391 km in length. Along it there are several very important urban centers: Gdańsk with its harbor and container terminal, Elbląg with its harbor situated on the Vistula Lagoon, Tczew, Grudziądz, Włocławek, Płock and Warsaw, the capital of Poland. The Lower Vistula establishes part of the International Waterway E70 and E40 as it has important economic value and development potential. The Lower Vistula has important hydroenergy potential, is the source of water supply for people, industry and agriculture as well as being a very important ecological corridor. The whole length of the Lower Vistula, except for Włocławek Reservoir is included in the NATURA 2000 Program. The Włocławek hydraulic project lies along this section. It was commissioned in 1970 and has been the source of significant debate discussion between ecologists and water resources specialists. The Lower Vistula also benefits from scenic countryside and is popular for tourism and recreation. Along the Lower Vistula, a very important problem still exists in the form of flood hazard, mainly caused by ice phenomena and is also endangered by droughts. The paper begins with a short discussion about sustainable development. It then presents the current state of the management of the Lower Vistula and its catchment, its economic potential and plans for development. Possibilities regarding the construction of future hydraulic projects are also discussed, including the benefits for energy production, navigation, water supply, tourism and recreation.
On the basis of the field experiment carried out at the Experimental Station at Jadwisin (52°29’ N; 21°03’ E), Polish mid-early potato cultivar Triada was grown on sandy loam in years 2004 and 2005 in 6 treatments, which included the application of water and nitrogen: organic (cattle manure) and mineral. Water drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation were scheduled by the Decision Support System (DSS). Diverse water supplies and organic or mineral nitrogen did not change harvest index (HI) values, which varied between 0.7 and 0.8 at the end of the growing period. Average tuber dry matter yield, about 11.0 t∙ha⁻¹, in both years of the investigation was reached with different HI values: 0.78 for 2004, and 0.73 for 2005. Higher percentage of biomass distributed to tubers was found in 2004, which was characterized by lower cumulative thermal time and global radiation, as well as better water balance in comparison with the growing period of 2005.
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