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The paper presents the results of a study on the effect of the size of mineral-moorsh soil aggregates on water conductivity in the saturated and unsaturated zone. It was found that water conductivity coefficients in the saturated zone of mineral-moorsh soil increase with the size of aggregates. The water conductivity coefficients in the unsaturated zone decrease with the size of aggregates from 0.9 10² cm day⁻¹ at pF 0.4 to 0.3 10⁻⁵ cm day⁻¹ for pF 4.2 for aggregates less than 0.25 mm, and for aggregates of 5-10 mm – from 4 cm day⁻¹ at pF 0.4 to 0.8 10⁻⁹ at pF 4.2. Water conductivity coefficients in the unsaturated zone increase with increasing water content and this increase is especially notable between 8 and 22% vol. and above 40% vol. of moisture for all investigated aggregates.
Bentonite has been recognized as a very good material for the improvement of coarse textured soils. In microplot experiment, of a sandy soil deprived of the humus layer was enriched in 1973 with waste bentonite at the rates of 0, 3, 6 and 12 kg m -2 . Until 2002, the microplots were planted with different crops and regularly enriched with mineral a nd organic fertili zers. Since 2003, the microplots were left barren. In 2009, determinations of several features of the soils (in 5-30, 30-55 and 55-80 cm layers) showed that the historical amendment of the sandy soil with bentonite (especially its highest dose) ensured significantly higher contents of water, organic C, clay, silt and a sand fraction with particle diameter <0.1 mm in 5-30 cm layer. Proportions of non-dispersible clay in the total clay of bentonite soils in the two upper soil layers were significantly lower than those of the control soil. A significant increase in the penetrometer resistance was observed in 40-58 cm layers of the control soil and the soil with 3 kg m -2 bentonite amendment, contrary to the soils with two highest bentonite doses.
The paper presents statistical, geostatistical and fractal analysis of variability of topsoil water pontent along a loess hillslope. Spatial dependence of topsoil water content was observed on studied sites. On a site with plants, the range of spatial dependence was smaller than on a site without plants. Fractal dimension showed that topsoil water on a site with plants was more randomized than on a site without, il.
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