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1

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. IX. Benthic diatom communities

100%
Kwandrans J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
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nr 2
Diatom indices and indicator system based on benthic diatom communities were used to estimate the water quality and its changes in the Vistula River on the sector between 10 and 337 km of its course. The results showed similar trend in the water quality changes along the river course as those obtained by chemical analyses. Significant correlation was found between the calculated index values and also between indices and selected water chemistry variables related to the organic pollution and trophic state. However, there was no correlation with the concentration of phosphates. Both results, the chemical as well as biological ones based on diatoms, showed differences in water quality along the investigated river sector. Natural, unpolluted water with low nutrient concentration was found only in the upper part of the river (up to 10.9 km of its course). The increased trophic state was observed in changes of all the calculated diatom index values and in the relative abundance of the indicators for eutrophic stage already from 36.6 km, raising up together with organic pollution level along the river course. The heavy pollution occurred mainly on the section from 66.2 km to 185.2 km. At the last part of the investigated sector especially on 336.7km, an improving tendency was observed. The seasonal changes in the diatom community structure and values of diatom indices were connected with fluctuations of current velocity observed in 1997 during big flood at the beginning of July. Distinct differences were found in August and October 1997, when the structure of diatom communities and the values of diatom indices indicated the lowest water quality in the whole investigated sector.
2

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. III. Heavy metals in water

100%
Kasza H., Wojtan K.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
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nr 2
The following paper is one part of the complex studies and intends to provide the background for explaining the spatial differentiation of plant and animal communities settled in the Upper Vistula River. The study has been conducted from 10.9 to 336.7 km of the river course. Concentrations of the following heavy metals in the river water have been studied: copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, manganese and iron. These investigations indicated that lowest concentrations of heavy metals in the Vistula River corresponded to those found in clean waters while maximal ones in same cases, to their concentrations in heavily polluted water. Comparing the present content of heavy metals in the water of the Upper Vistula River with data gathered 25 years ago, a decrease in concentrations of these elements was found.
3

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. IV. Chemical and bacteriological indices of water quality

100%
Starzecka A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
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nr 2
The water quality and its changes in Upper Vistula River on the sector between 10.9 and 336.7 km of its course were carried out in annual cycle in the years 1997-1998. The classification of water comprised four classes of purity (I-IV) and based on the 5 biological and 5 chemical features of water. Particular classes were characterized by numerical taxonomic value of pollution (NTVP): 1.0-1.5 - class I, very pure water; 1.5-2.5 - class II, relatively pure water; 2.5-3.5 - class III, polluted water; 315-4.0 - class IV, very heavily polluted water. On the investigated section of the Vistula River three stretches might he distinguished: the first one between 10.9 and 66.2 km of the river course; the second from 115.6 to 248.2 km and the third at 336.7 km of the river course. On the basis of the mean annual values of biological and chemical features together, relatively pure water (II class purity) with NTVP ranging from 1.87 to 2.37 was noticed on the first investigated river stretch. The greatest pollution was shown on the second stretch, where NTVP ranged from 2.56 to 2.82 which corresponded to III class of water purity. On the third stretch the water was relatively pure (II class of purity) with NTVP 2.32.
4

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. X. Oligochaete taxocens

100%
Dumnicka E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
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nr 2
Zooseston of the Vistula River section almost 340 km long was investigated in the years 1997/98. In 99 samples collected 90 species of rotifers, 16 cladocerans, 9 copepods and other animals belonging to: Harpacticoidea, Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Chironomidae, Odonata, Simulidae, Tardigrada and Coelenterata were found. Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of rotifers is significantly correlated with basic chemical indicators of water trophic state - phosphate, nitrate and nitrite as well as with the number of copepods which are usually predators. The numbers of copepods depends on the availability of possible prey, i.e. rotifers and cladocerans. Multiple regression confirmed known dependence of cladocerans from trophic conditions. Clustering of similarity matrices showed complex structure of sestonic assemblages on rhitral-potamal gradient additionally modified by hydrotechnical constructions. These constructions broke old river continuum. Ordination of sites gave complex pattern not only representing a simple gradient rithral - potamal but also all transient stages caused by hydrotechnical construction (large dam reservoir) or by inflows of polluted waters from the tributaries. Ecological meaning of principal component ordination (PC) for river zooseston assemblages is not simple and might be susceptible of various interpretations.
5

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. II. Chemical composition of water and sediment

100%
Kasza H., Galas J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
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nr 2
The following paper is a part of the complex studies and intends to provide the background for explaining spatial differentiation of plant and animal communities settled in the Upper Vistula River. The study has been conducted from 10.9 to 336.7 km of the river course. Physico-chemical parameters of water, and nutrient concentrations m surface sediment have been measured. This allowed to discern four zones according to the level of water pollution. The first one, with relatively clean waters, is located in the mountainous part of the Vistula River (to 10.9 km of the river course). The second one - moderately polluted - spreads to 66.2 km. The third zone, with heavily polluted waters, reaches to 248.2 km. The remaining part of the studied river course (to 336.7 km) can be considered as belonging to the fourth zone with considerably polluted waters.
6

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. V. Photosynthetic and respiratory activity of seston

84%
Starzecka A., Bednarz T.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
|
nr 2
From March 1997 to March 1998 the photosynthesis (PHS) and respiration of seston (Rs) and bacteria fraction (Rb) in the water of the Upper Vistula River on the section from 10.9 to 336.7 km of the river course were investigated Methods applied: PhS - light and dark bottles, Rs - dark bottles. Rb - respiration of bacterial fraction, which was isolated by water filtration. The smallest mean yearly value of PhS (2.1-8.6 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) was found at 10.9-36.6 km of the river course and the greatest ones (40.4-42.7 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) at 248.2-336.7 km, in accordance with the size of the river. Rs was the smallest (23.9-28.7 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) between 10.9-45.7 km of the river course (on the rather clean sector) and decisively greater (51.6 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹) at 115.6 km, at the most polluted sites. Along longitudinal profile of the Upper Vistula River Rb was equalized and ranged from 20.7 to 24.1 J dm⁻³ 24 h⁻¹, with the exception at 10.9 (spring, clean part of the river, poor in seston) and 336.7 km of the river course, where it was 10-20% smaller. The last value might indicated the presence of organic matter easily available to bacteria at this site. Rb constituted from 45 to 78% of seston Rs with the minimal value at 115.6 km of the river course (the most polluted) and its maximal participation at 10.9 km - clean part of the river, rather poor in seston.
7

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. VIII. Zooseston

84%
Zurek R.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2002
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tom 50
|
nr 2
Zooseston of the Vistula River section almost 340 km long was investigated in the years 1997/98. In 99 samples collected 90 species of rotifers, 16 cladocerans, 9 copepods and other animals belonging to: Harpacticoidea, Oligochaeta, Nematoda, Chironomidae, Odonata, Simulidae, Tardigrada and Coelenterata were found. Multiple regression analysis showed that the number of rotifers is significantly correlated with basic chemical indicators of water trophic state - phosphate, nitrate and nitrite as well as with the number of copepods which are usually predators. The numbers of copepods depends on the availability of possible prey, i.e. rotifers and cladocerans. Multiple regression confirmed known dependence of cladocerans from trophic conditions. Clustering of similarity matrices showed complex structure of sestonic assemblages on rhitral-potamal gradient additionally modified by hydrotechnical constructions. These constructions broke old river continuum. Ordination of sites gave complex pattern not only representing a simple gradient rithral - potamal but also all transient stages caused by hydrotechnical construction (large dam reservoir) or by inflows of polluted waters from the tributaries. Ecological meaning of principal component ordination (PC) for river zooseston assemblages is not simple and might be susceptible of various interpretations.
8

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. VII. Bioassay studies of water trophic state with Chlorella pyrenoidosa growth test

84%
Bednarz T.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2002
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tom 50
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nr 2
In the Upper Vistula River course three sections were distinguished: first, at 11 km of the river course, with low trophic level of water (mean yearly yield <30% of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick. control cultures), second, up to 66.2 km of the river course, with the moderate trophic level (between 30-50% yield of control), third below 115.6 km of the river course, with the high trophic level (between 50-80% of control yield). The highest water trophic level (80% of control cultures yield) was evidenced at 115.6 km of the river course, due to the input of industrial and municipal sewage. The yield of Chlorella cultures was highly significantly positively correlated with the content of organic matter, electrolytic conductivity, P-PO₄, N (as N-NH₄+N-NO₃), S-SO₄, Ca and Mg concentration in the water. In case of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn no correlation was found.
9

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. VI. Net phytoseston communities

84%
Bucka H.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
|
nr 2
Nine sites studied in the years 1997-1998 along the Upper Vistula course (from 10.9 to 336.7 km) were characterized based on the relative abundance of various net phytoseston (≥50 μm) predominant taxa. The prevalence of oligo-mesotraphentic diatoms (Fragilaria arcus (Ehr.) Cl.) and green alga Stichococcus sp. indicated generally pure waters at the montane sector of the river course. They were associated with betamesosaprobic taxa of chrysophytes (Kephyrion spp.) and rhodophytes (Audouinella sp.) characteristic for well oxygenated waters. Increased abundance of beta- and alpha-meso/polysaprobic indicators (Melosira varians Ag.) and those tolerant to organic pollution (Navicula lanceolata (Ag.) Ehr., Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bertalot) was noted on 36.6 km of the river indicating slight pollution. An increased trophic state, organic pollution and salinity level, expressed with the predominance of betamesosaprobic and eutraphentic diatoms (Aulacoseira granulata (Ehr.) Sim.) accompanied by desmids and euglenins (typical of beta-alpha-mesosaprobic zones) was observed on 45.7 km. The prevalence of Stichococcus sp. and Pediastrum spp. with increased share of alpha-meso/polysaprobic indicators (Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun.) and polysaprobic (Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W. Sm.) was found on 66.2 km. The sector between 117.6-185.2 km of the river course with strongly polluted waters of the worst quality, was characterized by augmented percentage share of cyanobacteria. Decreasing pollution level found on 248.2-336.7 km probably resulted from the dilution effect caused by montane Carpathian tributaries of the Vistula. The increase in beta-mesosaprobic and meso-eutraphentic indicators was related to Chlorococcales, which dominated over dense populations of cyanobacteria. Evaluation of water quality using net phytoseston groups with predominant indicator taxa, provides important information concerning the abundance of rapidly renewing Chlorococcales and potentially toxic cyanobacteria what is omitted in benthic diatom indices method.
10

Zróżnicowanie zbiorowisk wodnych i szuwarowych torfowiska Stróża w dolinie Giełczwi (Wyżyna Lubelska)

67%
Urban D., Jendrzejewska J.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
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2009
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tom 542
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nr 2
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań fitosocjologicznych przeprowadzonych w latach 2008-2009 na torfowisku w dolinie rzeki Giełczew (Wyniosłość Giełczewska, Wyżyna Lubelska) w pobliżu miejscowości Stróża. W ramach badań w zbiorowiskach wodnych i szuwarowych wykonano 83 zdjęcia fitosocjologiczne. Na ich podstawie na badanym obiekcie zidentyfikowano 6 zespołów roślinności wodnej z klas Lemnetea minoris, Potametea i Charetea oraz 15 zespołów z klasy Phragmitetea. Do najczęściej występujących należą zespoły: Phragmitetum australis, Caricetum gracilis i Caricetum acutiformis i Glycerietum maximae.
11

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to population and impoundment. I. Problem, outline of research and study area

67%
Zurek R., Kasza H.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2002
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tom 50
|
nr 2
The main disturbancies in hydrological and chemical features of the Upper Vistula River were discussed as well as geological structure and soils of its drainage basin. Examined section of the river is 337 km long. Catchment area of 28 000 km² inhabited by 50 to 800 residents km⁻². Three main problems concerning the river were considered: salinity, pollution and water management. Between 89 and 95 km the river obtaines salty water from coal mines and down the 95 km of the river - huge load of pollution by the Przemsza River. The inflow supplying 91% of Vistulian flow at this point. This unusual proportion is caused by far transfer of drinking water from submontainous part of the Vistula or its tributaries. Polluted water comes back to the river by Przemsza River. Vistula had here too much of suspension, phosphorus, nitrite and ammonia, and sometimes zinc. Water quality between 90 and 170 km was useless for cyprinid fishes according to EC directive. Vistula River and its affluents flow through holocenic river terraces - covered with alluvial and fluvioglacial deposits. In the region of Cracow there are small areas of upper Jurassic origin (marls and lime) and from the Cretaceous period. Holocenic terrace of the river is covered by alluvial soils. On the left bank, between the Przemsza and Nida rivers, there are large areas of loesses. Investigations were carried out in the period between 3rd March 1997 and March 4th 1998. Also the present state of investigations of the Vistula River is discussed. In 1997 in the period from 7th to 15th of July extreme and disastrous flood in the Vistula occurred. Flows, which usually in Cracow (on 165 km) provide 50 to 100 m³ s⁻¹, grew up to 1430 m³ s⁻¹ and during the culmination of wave up to 2400 m³ s⁻¹.
12

Upper Vistula River: response of aquatic communities to pollution and impoundment. XI. Research synthesis

67%
Zurek R., Starzecka A., Bucka H.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2002
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
Investigations on the Upper Vistula River course (from 11 to 337 km) in years 1997-1998 comprised: chemistry of water and sediments, indicators of water quality, such as bacteriological indices, metabolic activity of seston, phytoseston indicator taxa, algal growth test, zooseston assemblages, benthic diatom indices and occurrence of oligochaetes fauna. The pollution impact was reflected by distinct changes in chemistry of water and sediments, as well as by bacteriological indicators and alga growth test. No distinct changes have been noted in the structure of benthic diatom communities. Some improving tendency in the water quality was evident between 248-337 km of the river course, where the most tolerant to pollution taxa were partly replaced by less tolerant species. Some changes revealed an increase in numbers of beta-mesosaprobic and meso-eutraphentic Chlorococcales, which dominated over dense populations of cyanobacteria. Benthic animals assemblages indicated a decrease in pollution level between 248-337 km of the river course. In the case of zooseston no evident effect was observed. The sector of the river received on 95 km high load of chlorides from coalmines until last site on 337 km. Load of chlorides was constant, whereas their concentrations diminished. Nitrate concentration arose together with loadings. Phosphate concentrations were constant similarly to loadings, excluding site at 337 km of the rivercourse, where load arose. COD had similar pattern as chlorides. It seems to be better to operate on a greater number of specialised indices or parameters than mixed them into one, which might be confusing index.
13

Zmiany zbiorowisk makrofitow podmiejskiego jeziora Trackiego pod wplywem antropopresji

59%
Grzybowski M., Endler Z.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus
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2003
|
tom 02
|
nr 2
149-156
14

Zbiorowiska roślinne projektowanego rezerwatu Matunin koło Jelcza w powiecie oławskim

43%
Kazun A.
Acta Botanica Silesiaca
|
2005
|
tom 02
The article presents plant communities of the projected nature reserve Matunin, which covers a fragment of a flood terrace of the River Odra valley and includes the Matunin oxbow lake (situated near Jelcz) and its surroundings: alluvial meadows, fields and patches of riverine shrubs and forests. Many interesting and rare plant communities, bound to oxbow lakes and riverine floodedareas, such as Trapetum natantis, Lemno minoris-Salvinietum natantis, Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae, Rhamno-Cornetum sanguinei and Ficario-Ulmetum minoris have been found here.
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