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The sequential extraction of chromium from galvanic wastewater sludge was studied. A five-step sequential fractionation scheme was used to partition the chromium into exchangeable (F I), acid-soluble (F II), reducible (F III), organic matter (F IV) and residual (F V) fractions. The results of investigations indicate that 59.5% of chromium occurred in residual fraction, which is permanently immobilized, whereas 40.5% of chromium in galvanic wastewater sludge can be released to ecosystems under changing natural conditions.
This paper presents the results of an experiment on the use of diatomite from beer breaking, as a filtration agent in wastewater sludge dewatering. Results of the study have allowed us to conclude that it may be one of the practical ways to dispose of this troublesome waste product.
The recovery of chromium from prepared (mixed and co-precipitated) sludge, generated during the neutralisation process of galvanic wastewater was investigated. Studied sludge contained hydroxide and oxide mixtures of various metals including chromium(III) hydroxide. The recovery procedure included precipitation of hydroxides and their dissolution, oxidation of chromium(III) to chromium(VI) and final extraction and reextraction of chromium(VI). The recovery of chromium from the mixed and co-precipitated sludge was limited by the sludge solubility in the sodium hydroxide solution. The yield of chromium recovery did not exceed 36%, which suggests that sludge should not be mixed after neutralisation [1, 2]. The recovery of chromium from the co-precipitated sludge was about 18% of its initial amount. This group of sludges should be managed according to the method proposed in papers [3, 4].
This paper presents the results of laboratory research on the process of heavy metals extraction from sludge, where heavy metals content exceeds permissible levels. The method of immobilization of heavy metals depends on using the developed technology hygienization process of wastewater sludge (which is pending by patent) to environment utilization. The base of this technology is treatment of municipal wastewater sludge by dust from electrofilters of cement mills with the addition of roasted raw detrital basalt. The modification of this technology involves using the additional unit operation that is followed by extraction of the excessive amount of heavy metals from sludge. The results of heavy metals extraction from wastewater sludge were presented.
Laboratory experiments supported by full-scale operational observations have been utilized to assess the possible yield of methane-rich biogas via decomposition of COD and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from organic matter trapped and settled in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The impact of operational conditions (mainly solids' retention time) on VFAs and methane-rich gas generation was estimated by fractionation of COD in sludge and supernatant. Assessment of efficiency of this process was done by steady state measurements of COD solubilization. Full-scale investigations supported by laboratory tests enlightened some specific operational problems that may occur in wastewater treatment plants with an intensive acidic hydrolysis. Relatively high consumption of biodegradable carbon is usually one of adverse and unfavorable effects.
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