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Plants of honeysuckle (Lonicera caprifolium L.) from commercial nursery, showing stunted growth and severe leaf and flower malformation were found to be naturally infected with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The virus was identified on the basis of its host range and in vitro and serological properties. It was mechanically transmitted onto therteen herbaceous test plants and induced local or local and systemic symptoms. The isolated virus had a TIP of 65–70°C, a LIV of 4–5 h and DEP of 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵. It reacted positively in DAS-ELISA with CMV-ToRS (II) commercial antibodies but not with antibodies against CMV-DTL (I). Rabbit antiserum was produced, and it showed the titre at least 128 000 in F(ab’)₂ -ELISA with homologous isolate, as well as with isolate CMV-M belonging to serogroup DTL.
Tomato torrado virus is a member of Secoviridae family, genus Torradovirus. It is a dangerous pathogen of tomato plants causing intensive necrosis of leaves and fruits, leading to plant death, and significantly decreasing production of this vegetable. In Poland three isolates of ToTV were identified: Wal’03, Kra and Ros. On the basis of the previously performed molecular and genomic analyses distinctive genetic variability was revealed within 3`UTR region of RNA1 Kra and Wal’03 isolates. On the basis of this heterogenous region a rapid protocol of PCR-HRM reaction was developed allowing the identification and differentiation of two isolates of Tomato torrado virus as well as constituting rapid test to monitor the nucleotide point mutation within this regulatory region. Since the 3`UTR region is known to play a role in the replication process hence the featured heterogeneity might have an impact on the control of viral particles accumulation.
A nucleotide sequence analysis by RT-PCR and cycle sequencing of the Polish isolate of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) was performed. The RT-PCR products pattern and VP1/2A coding region sequence were compared to the other available European isolates of SVDV and the human Coxackie virus isolate CAV-16. The results of the RT-PCR show that it is possible to detect different isolates of the SVDV however Coxackie virus-specific PCR products were obtained only by the use of one from three selected primer pairs. A sensitivity of the used RT-PCR was equivalent to that of virus isolation in cell culture and even higher than the ELISA method. The considerable nucleotide similarity between the Polish isolate UKG27/72 and the Japan 76 SVDV isolates (99% and 98%, respectively) as well as the CAV-16 (96%) was found. SVDV Poland 73 was genetically less related (about 88%) to the Dutch and Italian isolates from the recent outbreaks of disease in 1992. Presented results confirmed the quasispecies character of these picornaviruses.
Diversity of three isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was analyzed by the biological and genetic characterization. Two isolates were collected from zucchini plants and one from cucumber. The symptoms induced on most hosts were different. In addition, analysis of the coat protein (CP) and nuclear inclusion protein b (Nib) of the ZYMV genome revealed high level of nucleotide variability among the isolates. Comparison of the DNA sequences of 22 isolates from different geographical regions worldwide revealed that the Polish isolates belong to different groups and they do not form a monophyletic cluster with European isolates.
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) was found in seeds of 24 varieties originated from barley cultivar collections per 40 tested. The virus more frequently occurred in seeds of winter cultivars where it was detected in seeds of 17 varietes per 19 tested while in seeds of spring cultivars it was found only in 7 cultivars per 21 tested. Similar results were obtained in the case of commercial varieties. The infection of seeds of some varieties exceeded 10%. In all cases occurrence of the mild and no symptoms was confirmed. Preliminary studies showed that BSMV caused the decrease of yield by 9–15% and the decrease of mass of 1 000 seeds ranging from 0.5 to 3%. The risk of isolate mutation of a mild BSMV to the isolate causing severe symptoms was observed in spring barley cultivar Annabell.
Całość badań zrealizowano w dwóch częściach. W pierwszej części pracy - laboratoryjno-eksperymentalnej - scharakteryzowano w zakresie taksonomicznym, patogennym i właściwości immunogennych dwa pierwsze krajowe izolaty wirusa HE. Wykazano, że oba izolaty (HEV1 i HEV2) są identyczne, a pod względem morfologicznym oraz właściwości fizykochemicznych odpowiadają aviadenowirusom grupy II. Wirusy te w warunkach eksperymentalnych nie wywołują u indyków objawów klinicznych, choć powodują zmiany histopatologiczne w wielu narządach. W drugiej - terenowej fazie - prowadzono monitoring serologiczny stad oraz analizowano sytuację epizootyczną pod kątem wpływu zakażeń wirusem HE na zdrowotność indyków oraz efekty produkcyjne. Wykazano, że wirus HE jest szeroko rozpowszechniony, a powodując im­munosupresję wywołuje znaczne straty w chowie indyków.
In 2000-2001 35 isolates of Potato virus Y (PVY) were characterized by serologic al and biological methods. These isolates represented 5 distinct strains: PVYc, PVyo, PVYN, PVYN W, PVYNTN. Among isolates belonging to PVYN W and PVYNTN isolates which are able to overcome the resistance in three tobacco cultivars (VAM, Wiślica, PBD6) were found. They were obtained from tobacco plants grown in Poland or Hungary. Isolates obtained from potato plants were able to cause only mild symptoms on cvs. Wiślica and PBD6.
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