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The objective of this study was to evaluate the color of unpackaged and vacuum-packaged venison during storage. Color parameters L*, a* and b* were assessed in vacuum-packaged samples after 72, 144, 216, 288 and 360 h of storage, and in unpackaged samples – after 72, 144 and 216 h. The total change in color ΔE* in comparison with the color of fresh meat was determined. The results indicate that the storage of unpackaged venison has an adverse effect on color, giving it a darker, grayish hue. The most profound changes were observed after 144 and 216 h of storage. Vacuum packaging of venison minimizes color change and has a long-term stabilizing effect for up to 15 days.
Projectiles made of lead alloys are used for waterfowl hunting in Europe. The paper demonstrated that lead pellets, due to their construction and use, contaminate the environment, especially water ecosystems. During one hunting session, tens of thousands of lead balls are introduced to the environment. Moreover, dispersed heavy metal is ingested by birds as gastroliths; as a result, game birds as well as protected birds become intoxicated with lead. During hunting trips, birds are also injured. When entering into the food chain, lead from pellets poses a risk to many living organisms, including predators and scavengers. Injured or intoxicated birds have difficulty joining seasonal migrations. Meat, especially of wild ducks and geese, is consumed during the hunting season by hunters and their families. Considering the level of lead in the muscles of game birds, venison consumers are also exposed to lead intoxication. In Europe, an increasing number of hunters who use lead pellets has resulted in lead being accumulated in game birds, which is a hazard to the public health. In view of the above facts and other hazards resulting from hunting, which endanger humans and animals, the authors recommend a total ban on waterfowl hunting.
Cadmium and lead were determined in the tissues of roe buck from the Polesie Lubelskie region using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The determinations involved muscles, hearts, kidneys and livers. The samples were mineralized in the muffle furnace at 450°C. The content of the elements was determined after extraction to organic phase (4-methylpentan-2-one, MIBK) of its complex with ammonium pyrrolidindithiocarbamate (APDA). The highest levels of the examined metals were detected in kidneys (1.11mg/kg-Cd and 0.304mg/kg- Pb) and livers (0.577mg/kg-Cd and 0.184mg/kg-Pb); the lowest ones in muscles (0.035mg/kg-Cd and 0.200mg/kg-Pb).
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