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Results of multifactorial experiment by orthogonal planning for four factors: height and diameter of seed tube, rotary speed of seed disk and speed movement of seeder are presented. Experiment results were analyzed according to generally accepted methods. Adequate model was received. Influence of each factor on coefficient of variation intervals between seeds and optimal value of each factor were determined.
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Drip irrigation system will play in the future a signifi cant role in fulfi lling the requirements of intensive, energysaving agricultural production. Total area under microirrigation in Poland can be now estimated as about 10 000 hectares. Drip irrigation is applied mainly in orchards, vegetable farms and greenhouses. The investigations on drip irrigation have shown a high infl uence of the agricultural conditions on the operation and reliability and productivity effects of the irrigation system. Paper present the investigation of the operation of drip irrigation systems in various regions of Poland. The analysis is based on the results of the manufacture coeffi cient of variation Cv, emitter exponent n, uniformity coeffi cient and detailed observation of the work time, breaks, failures and any other damages to the system.
The paper presents the results of studies on spray nozzles, placed on a spray boom, hanging over a patternator. It was found out that when the location of particular nozzles is changed, the variation coefficient of distribution of the fall of the sprayed liquid (C.V.) changes as well. The change of C.V. is especially high for the nozzles which are technically worn out. The studies showed that while testing the nozzles on a patternator, the microclimate in the area of the site undergoes a change.
Seed mass is a critical lifehistory character in seed evolutionary ecology. Plant species can present responses in seed mass to environment stresses. We tested the hypotheses that seed mass was positively correlated with altitude within species. We selected four congeneric Saussurea species as study objects, and collected their seeds along altitudinal gradients (2100–4200 m a.s.l.) in the alpine area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Results showed that mean seed mass of the four species were significantly affected by altitude (P <0.001). There was a general trend of an increase in seed weight with altitude among the populations of the four species. In addition, mean seed mass of four species were not significantly different, but all presented a bigger coefficients of variation within species along altitude gradients. Our results indicate selection pressure within species, with larger seeds occurring at higher altitudes.
The paper presents the variability analysis of some quantitative characteristics, that is of tuber yield, starch content and yield, dry matter content and yield and vitamin C content in selected edible potato varieties. Reciprocal relations of variance components calculated and their percentage share in the total variability were a measure of variability evaluation for the characteristics examined. Moreover, the variability of the characteristics was characterised by means of the classical variability coefficient. It has been found that tuber yield and vitamin C content variability was determined mainly by the interaction effects of years and the factors examined, as well as the experimental error. The respective values were as follows: 44.3% and 34.7% for tuber yield, and 42.2% and 46.2% for vitamin C. The starch content was in 47.5% modified by the effects of the main factors (including 35.0% for years) and the error effect (39.0%). A similar interaction was observed in the case of dry matter content variability, but the error was 52.4%. Starch and dry matter yields were determined mainly by interaction effects of the years and the examined factors (40.7% and 39.9%, respectively) as well as the experimental error (32.2% of the total variability for both traits). The highest changes expressed as the values of the coefficient of variation were found for tuber yield, dry matter yield and starch yield.
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