The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of individual clinical symptoms associated with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and compare the diagnostic yield of direct ophthalmoscopy and ultrasonography (B-mode imaging). The collection of evaluated horses included patients treated in the Equine Clinic, the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic, which were diagnosed with acute equine recurrent uveitis in the period from 1st June 2003 to 30th March 2006. Patients were prepared for the examination so as to achieve sedation, palpebral akinesis and corneal topical anaesthesia. If the pupil responded to application of mydriatics, mydriasis was achieved. Depending on the method used, ultrasound coupling gel was applied on the upper eyelid or cornea. Ophthalmoscopic examination was performed using a direct ophthalmoscope Beta 200, Heine. Two ultrasound devices equipped with a 10 MHz transducer, i.e., Dynamic Imaging Concept/SV and Hitachi EUB-6500, were used for the examination. Only in 10 eyes (18.9%) of the 53 affected ones was clinical examination possible as far as the fundus. Clinical signs of ERU such as corneal oedema, corneal vascularization, effusions within the anterior chamber, miosis, anterior synechiae, posterior synechiae, cataract, lens dislocation, vitreous opacities, retinal detachment and bulbar atrophy affected 28.3, 15.1, 15.1, 18.9, 11.3, 43.4, 60.4, 9.4, 54.7, 32.1 and 32.1 % of eyes, respectively. Direct ophthalmoscopy, the main method of ocular examination, was carried out first and allowed exact evaluation of all eyes as far as the iris. When compared with ultrasonography, its diagnostic yield in cases of corneal vascularization (p < 0.01) and miosis (p < 0.001) was significant. Ultrasonography as a complementary diagnostic method followed the direct ophthalmoscopy and its diagnostic yield for the assessment of individual ocular structures from the pupil to the posterior segment of the eye was evaluated. Evaluating posterior ocular structures, ultrasonographic B-mode was quite rewarding in cases of findings such as lens cataract (p < 0.001), lens subluxation or luxation (p < 0.05), vitreous opacity (p < 0.001) and retinal detachment (p < 0.001).
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