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In the hop collection, the accessions of one species - Humulus lupulus L. are gathered. Genetic resources of hop are maintained in the field. Evaluation of accessions covered morphological characteristics and economic traits such as alpha acid content and alpha acid stability during cones storage. In the years 2004-2005, 35 hop cultivars representing aroma and bitter types were evaluated. The examined accessions were characterized by a great variation of morphological traits, particularly the length of lateral shoots. Alpha acid content which is the most important characteristic for brewing industry, fluctuated between 2.4% and 10.6% in aroma cultivars and between 5.4% and 13.9% in bitter hops. A high variability of storage stability of alpha acid content was observed. During six months of storage at room temperature a decrease of alpha acid content fluctuated between 7.4% and 37.8%. Gathered genotypes are a potential source of valuable economic traits which can be used by breeders to release new hybrids with good yield quality and also well adapted to our climatic and soil conditions.
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Stan techniczny budynku zmienia się w wyniku procesu starzenia. Podstawowym problemem podczas użytkowania budynku jest perspektywiczne planowanie remontów oraz przewidywanie środków potrzebnych do ich realizacji. Często jednak z powodu oszczędności środków decyzje dotyczące prac naprawczych są przesuwane na dalsze lata użytkowania obiektu. Taka oszczędność prowadzi do pogorszenia jego stanu technicznego. W artykule przedstawiona jest metoda określania terminu remontu kapitalnego z uwagi na niekorzystne zmiany stanu technicznego. Graniczne wartości terminu remontu określone są przez funkcje określające proces starzenia budynku opisany metodą PRRD (Prediction to Reliability according to Rayleigh Distribution).
The study assessed the variability and interrelationships among 7 quantitative traits in a triticale germplasm collection (75 genotypes - cultivars and clones) from the Institute of Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology University of Agriculture in Lublin. Data came from a trial observed over four years (1996-1999). They were arranged in a complete two-way classification genotypes by years. Variance components were calculated for each character separately. Coefficients of heritability of four-year phenotypic means were done on the basis of the variance components. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) according to the random model was used to obtain the mean square and cross product matrices for genotype and error source of variation. Phenotypic correlations were calculated from variance-covariance matrices for genotypes in MANOVA. Genetic correlations were calculated using variance and covariance components estimated by the least square method. The MANOVA statement of GLM procedure (SAS) and VARCOMP were used for all computings.
Presented research results concern the 3-year cycle of field experiments conducted over the years 2002-2004 at Agricultural Experimental Station Czesławice, near Nałęczów. Examined material consisted of 38 Polish winter triticale cultivars which were divided into three groups. The year of cultivar’s registration on the local list was assumed as a criterion to division. The following traits were analysed: plant height, spike length, number of spikelets and grains per spike, weight of grains per spike, spikelet fertility, weight of 1000 grains and protein content in grain. Cultivar disease resistance was also examined. For above mentioned traits the means values and variability ranges in years of study were calculated separately for each cultivars’ group. Obtained results indicated a strong differentiation of useful traits in winter triticale cultivars. New introduced cultivars were characterized by reduced plant height as well as smaller weight of 1000 grains, in comparison to the older cultivars. The values of remaining useful traits were kept on similar level. The winter triticale cultivars registered over the years 2000-2003 were characterized by lower field resistance to powdery mildew, whereas their resistance to brown rust was higher than in the cultivars registered during years 1982-1990. The older winter triticale cultivars are a valuable source of resistance to powdery mildew, at maintained appropriate level of other usability features. Therefore, it would be necessary to preserve these cultivars in collection.
Germplasm collection of Lycopersicon ssp. include 995 accessions. Paper presented valorization of 33 tomato accessions carried out in 2004. The tomato accessions originated from Romania, Ukraine and Poland were characterized in regard to 42 morphological and useful traits according to IPGRI descriptor list. The traits included 10 traits of plants and 32 traits of the fruits. Following important characters of the fruits were described: size, shape, firmness, colour of fruit, intensity of greenback, ribbing, easiness of fruit detach from the pedicel, fruit cross-section shape, thickness of pericarp, number of locules and also growth type and susceptibility to diseases. Examined accessions were characterized by great differentiation of investigated traits and may be an useful source of earliness, fruit firmness, thick pericarp, colour intensity, flesh homogeneity, etc. Some accessions from Romania and Poland can be a valuable material in breeding cultivars for amateur production and the accessions from Ukraine for industrial processing. Tomato collection is designed to preserving the genetic resources from industrial disappearance, as well as, a rich source of genetic variability.
Studies involving 138 new genotypes obtained from Gene Bank in Praha Ruzyne and from domestic centers were conducted in 2003-2005. Tested genotypes included breeding varieties originating from 19 European and non-European countries, with numerous groups from France (27), Italy (22) and Mexico (40), as well as 19 Polish breeding lines. As in earlier research works, all genotypes were subjected to detailed evaluation in three-year field experiment cycle relating to such traits as: vegetation period and more important sub-phase lengths, plant height, the length of spike rachis, number of spikelets per spike, spike density, number of grains per spike and spikelet, the weight of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, and the total protein content in grain. High differentiation of tested material referring to all analyzed traits was found; the years of study exerted significant influence on their levels. Referring to the most important yield component - grain weight per spike - stability parameters were estimated using variety regression analysis for experimental means as a measure of genotype and environmental effects. The analysis enabled to select the genotypes with high and stable levels of that character. Such genotypes may be an interesting initial material for breeding T. durum varieties. Grain weight per spike mainly depended on the number of grains per spike and per spikelet as well as on 1000-grain weight. Correlation coefficients for other traits were in general low or variable in particular years. The correlation between total protein content in grain and 1000-grain weight was inconsistent. Correlation coefficients calculated for the traits were relatively low; significantly negative correlation (rxy = -0.296) was recorded in 2003, while significant positive correlation was calculated in 2005 (rxy = 0.301). In 2004, no significant relationship among the traits was found.
The aim of the study was to recognize the variation of some selected usable traits of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) basing on the initial experiment carried out in 2005 in the Agricultural Experimental Station at Zawady near Siedlce, which belongs to the University of Podlasie. Seventeen accessions of millet, which originated from the Gene Bank collection in IHAR Radzikow and Jagna variety, which is currently cultivated, were used as an experimental material. The tested millet objects belonged to three subspecies: contractum, effusum and compactum. The estimated trais were number of stalks, number of panicles on lateral shoots, plant height, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and thousand seed weight. The statistical analyses showed that the tested millet forms were characterized by a great variety of the analysed traits in each subspecies. Objects such as 060135 (ssp. effusum), 060037 (ssp. compactum) and 0600050 (ssp. contractum) were on the similar level with Jagna cultivar regarding the number of seeds and seed weight per plant. The largest thousand seed weight was found in 0600135 form. A significantly larger number of panicles on lateral shoots in tested millet objects as compared to Jagna cultivar was observed. The analysed millet subspecies had a significantly lower seed weight per plant and a lower thousand seed weight than Jagna cultivar.
Phenotypic variation among 75 genotypes (cultivars and clones) in triticale collection from the Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding in Lublin was assessed using two multivariate methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA). The variation was studied for seven traits. Data were collected in a trial carried out over four years (1996-1999). They were arranged in complete two-way classification genotypes by years. Variance components were estimated for each trait separately using REML method for a random ANOVA model of the two-way classification. Estimates of genotypic values were obtained using the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained between the first principal component (PC), plant height (positive) and the number of grains per spike (negative). The second PC was strongly positively correlated with the number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight. All genotypes were grouped into six clusters.
The variability of agronomic traits of spring barley collected in the Gene Bank of IHAR Radzików were determined. The following observations and measurements were done: days to heading (no of days from 1 May to heading), reaction for basic diseases and lodging (in 1-9 scale), plant height, length and weight of spike, number of kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight and resistance to powdery mildew. In respect to studied traits, the tested cultivars showed big differences. It allows to separate spring barley genotypes with convenient agronomic traits and including them in breeding programs.
Presented research is a continuation of systematic collecting the winter and spring triticale material and estimating its usability features, having been conducted since 1982. The experiments deal with the systematic collection of both, the registered and non-registered varieties as well as the valuable genetic materials received from the breeding and research centres. The materials included into experimental collection come from the national and foreign breeding centres and world gene banks. The research also aims at protecting the gene resources of the xTriticosecale Wittmack type. The valorization is conducted in a 4-year cycle of field experiments. After this cycle of valorization the studied objects are delivered to the store at IHAR Radzików for protective storage. The materials of winter and spring triticale collected during the years 1998-2005 are characterized by an extensive range of agricultural trait variability. The newest varieties being included in the collection showed better winter resistance, lodging resistance what is connected with stem shortening. However smaller resistance to mildew and brown rust were observed. As regards the yielding traits, wide range of variability was noted, especially for the number and weight of grain per spike. Conducting the experiments which concern collecting new forms of triticale enables further extending the range of variability for many agricultural traits which may be used in applied breeding as well as in numerous research studies.
In the paper a phenotypic variation among 117 genotypes (cultivars and clones) in a strawberry collection from the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice was assessed using quantitative genetic parameters and PCA. The variation was studied for nine vegetative, productive and disease susceptibility characters, observed in a rate scale (1 to 9 or 1 to 7) assuming that larger scores show a larger level of the defined characters. Some vegetative characters as well as those describing fruit yielding and susceptibility to the most important strawberry diseases were considered. Data were collected in a trial observed within three years (2001-2003). They were arranged in an incomplete two-way classification genotypes by years. Variance components were estimated for each trait separately using the REML method for a random ANOVA model of a two-way classification. Coefficients of heritability of three-year phenotypic means were estimated on the basis of the variance components. Estimates of genotypic values were obtained using the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). To analyze the phenotypic diversity of the germplasm collection principal component analysis was used on the basis of the BLUP’s. The obtained heritability coefficients were quite high (over 0.6) except for fruit taste, leaf spot susceptibility and leaf scorch susceptibility (0.36-0.44). The highest positive values of correlation coefficients between the first principal component (PC) and plant vigour, fruit size and fruit yield were obtained. The second PC was strongly correlated with the leaf scorch susceptibility, and the third PC with the fruit taste.
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Celem pracy było określenie właściwości powierzchniowych maltodekstryn o różnym stopniu scukrzenia i zróżnicowanej technologii otrzymywania oraz weryfikacja ich funkcjonalności w układach emulsyjnych. Weryfikacji dokonano poprzez ocenę tekstury i właściwości reologicznych majonezów niskotłuszczowych, otrzymanych na bazie maltodekstryn. Stwierdzono, że maltodekstryny wykazują aktywność powierzchniową zarówno w układzie woda/powietrze, jak i woda/olej, przy czym obserwuje się zwiększenie aktywności powierzchniowej w miarę wzrostu stopnia hydrolizy. Na właściwości powierzchniowe maltodekstryn pozytywnie wpływa zastąpienie tradycyjnego procesu produkcyjnego hydrolizą prowadzoną w ekstruderze. Pomimo stwierdzonej aktywności powierzchniowej, maltodekstryny nie wykazują zdolności emulgującej, niezalenie od stopnia scukrzenia oraz metody otrzymywania. Natomiast w układach złożonych, jakimi są majonezy niskotłuszczowe, wykazują zróżnicowane oddziaływanie w stosunku do badanych białek. W konsekwencji majonezy wykonane na bazie różnych białek i różnych maltodekstryn wykazują znaczne zróżnicowanie parametrów uniwersalnego profilu tekstury oraz właściwości reologicznych, w zależności od surowców użytych do ich przyrządzenia. Pomimo obserwowanego zróżnicowania właściwości, badane majonezy pod względem reologicznym stanowią płyny rozrzedzane ścinaniem i ich lepkość może by opisana za pomocą empirycznego równania Ostwalda de Waele’a.
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