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The aim the study was to discover the structure and topography of formatio hippocampi in chinchillas (Chinchilla brevicaudata). Investigations were carried out on the brains of 5 chinchillas. The material was preserved in buffered 10% formalin, and then dehydrated in ethyl alcohol of rising concentrations, embedded in paraffin blocks and cut transversally into 12 micrometer-thick sections. The sections were then stained according to Klüver and Barreras method. The formatio hippocampi, classified as a part of the rhinencephalon, are located in the medial part of the cerebral hemisphere, and indents in an arch into the light of the lateral ventricle. In the case of chinchillas the fomatio hippocampus consists of the hippocampus and dentate areas and the following cortical nervous structure: subiculum and four areas from CA1 to CA4. Formatio hippocampi as a cortical structure has a laminar build. The following layers may be distinguished in the subiculum: the marginal layer and cellular layer I and II. The structure of CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4 areas contains the following layers: stratum oriens, stratum pyramidal, stratum radiatum, and stratum molecular. The dentate area is a part of the formatio hippocampi formed by the gyrus dentatus and hilus fasciae dentate. Gyrus dentatus as a cortical structure has a laminar build. It is made up of two layers: molecular stratum and granular stratum.
The aim of the research was to learn the structure and topography of gyrus parahippocampalis in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger). The examination was carried out on 5 brains of sexually mature chinchillas. The examination material was fixed, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Frontal slices were stained according to Klüver and Barrer`s method. Gyrus parahippocampalis, which was the object of the examination, is a cortical structure which joins the hippocampus formation with neocortex. It is a rear part of gyrus fornicatus, which stretches from splenium of corpus callosum to the abdomino-medial angle of the brain hemisphere. It is made up of the following cortical structures: area entorhinalis, parasubiculum and presubiculum. The above-mentioned parts of gyrus parahippocampalis cortex are made up of four layers: marginal layer, external cellular layer, medial cellular layer, and internal cellular layer.
The aim of the study was a quantitative and cytoarchitectonic examination of neurons of the ventral hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields in somatically mature female American mink (Neovison vison) (N = 6). Brains were removed and examined under a light microscope. The samples were stained by Nissl’s standard method, and histological samples were used for morphometric analysis. All ventral hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields were analyzed cytoarchitectonically and morphometrically with a calibrated image analysis system that consisted of a computer equipped with the Cell^D software Soft Imaging System (SIS) with an integrated digital camera Colorview IIIu (Soft Imaging System). Morphometric investigations of the pyramidal layer showed that the cells of the hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields in adult female American mink differ in size, shape, cell area, nucleus area and the nucleus-to-cell ratio (in%). The cells of the CA2 field were densely arranged, pyramidal and contained a small amount of cytoplasm; their size was differentiated. They were the largest in size (15.06 μm) and diameter (14.5 μm). The cells of the CA1 field had the smallest size (8.5 μm) and diameter (8.6 μm). In the CA3 field, small, densely packed neurons dominated, whereas neurons in the CA4 field formed a thin strand of loosely arranged cells. Given the increasing interest in hippocampal areas, it is necessary to continue studies of their morphology and morphometry in healthy animals and in those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
The aim of the study was a morphometric analysis of the ventral hippocampal neurons of the individual CA1-CA4 fields in domestic cattle (Bos taurus; N = 6). The hippocampus in cattle is formed by a sizable arched invagination of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle of the brain. The brains were removed and analyzed conventionally with a light microscope. The samples were stained by Nissl’s method. The morphometric analysis of the neurons of the hippocampal CA1-CA4 fields included the following parameters: the area of nervous cells and the area of the cell nucleus in μm²; the nucleus-to-cell ratio in %; the average diameter and perimeter of the nervous cell in μm. The morphometric investigations indicate that the cells of the pyramidal layer in the CA1-CA4 fields of the hippocampus in adult domestic cattle differ in terms of their size, shape, and surface area, as well as the surface area of the cell nucleus. The size of cells in CA1 was the largest, fluctuating around 22 μm, whereas in CA4 it amounted to about 19 μm. Cells in CA1 and CA2 had the largest diameter of about 24 µm, whereas cells in the CA4 field had the smallest diameter of about 20 µm. The results obtained suggest a novel approach to studying the morphometric properties of the hippocampus in domestic cattle. Morphometric studies of the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a valuable source of data on the function of environmental and pharmacological factors and their effects on several structures of the CNS.
The aim of this study was to describe the structures and topography of the nuclei of the amygdaloid complex in chinchillas. The material for the study consisted of five chinchilla brains. The brains were fixed in formalin, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol and embedded in paraffin blocks. Next, the blocks were cut in the transversal plane into 12 µm-thick slices. The slices were coloured according to Klüver and Barrer's method and examined under a light microscope (OLYMPUS BX 40) equipped with the camera Color View IIIu Soft Imaging System. For the morphometric measurements, the program Cell^D Soft Imaging System (SIS) was used. One can distinguish three parts of the amygdala: corticomedial amygdaloid complex (CMC), basolateral complex (BLC) and other amygdaloid areas.( OA). The BLC is divided into three nuclei: lateral amygdaloid nucleus (LA), basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL) and basomedial amygdaloid nucleus (BM). The chinchilla's lateral amygdale (LA) is well developed and situated above the BL; laterally, it is bordered by the external capsule; the caudal pole of this nucleus constitutes at the same time the caudal pole of the amygdaloid complex. The basolateral amygdaloid nucleus in chinchillas is situated between the LA and BM. The basomedial amygdaloid nucleus is located ventromedially to the BM and dorsally to the cortical nucleus (CO). The corticomedial amygdaloid complex consists of the following: cortical nucleus (CO), medial nucleus (Me), central nucleus (CE), amygdalohippocampal area (AHA), the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) and bed nucleus of the olfactory tract (BOAT). The nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in chinchillas begins at the rostral part of the amygdala. It is bordered medially and dorsally by the anterior amygdaloid area (AAA) and laterally by the anterior part of the cortical nucleus. The chinchilla's bed nucleus of the olfactory tract is situated behind the NLOT. Dorsally, it borders on the ME, laterally on the CO. The central nucleus constitutes the dorsomedial part of the amygdala. The amygdalohippocampal area in chinchillas is located in the caudal part of the amygdala between the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle and CO. The chinchilla's cortical nucleus is a long band of neurons which constitutes the ventral part of the amygdala. The other amygdaloid areas include the anterior amygdaloid area (AAA) and intercalated nucleus (I) The intercalated nucleus consists of the group of neurons between the amygdala nuclei. The AAA constitutes the anterior pole of the chinchilla's amygdala.
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