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The changes of the relationship between force and deformation of pelvic and pectoral limb bones were measured in broiler chickens during the first 10 weeks of life with INSTRON 4302 apparatus. The female chickens were divided into 3 groups at 4,8 and 10 weeks of age and male chickens created one group at 8 weeks of age. With increasing age the progressive increase of the resilience and the resitance to the deformation and fracture forces of bones was observed, with higher values in the pelvic than pectoral limbs. The value of fracture force in the femur increased in female chickens from the lowest value at 4 weeks of age to the highest value at 10 weeks of age. A similar increase was observed in other limb bones of the female chickens during 10 weeks of their lives. Male chickens were characterized by higher values of resilience and fracture forces in comparison to values from female chickens at the same age. The results obtained indicate to a progressive increase in the resilience and resistance of bones in chickens during their development between 4 and 10 weeks of age with higher values in male chickens and, moreover, present a possibility of developmental estimation of skeletal remodeling and mineralization with the applied method. The implications of the observed changes to the locomotor function of bones in the developing stages of chickens have been discussed.
HMB, or -beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, is a metabolite of the Leucine amino acid and is produced naturally by the human body. HMB is produced from ketoisocaproate (KIC) a metabolite of leucine by the KIC-dioxygenase enzyme. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the structural strength of bones and the mineral density (BMD) of femur and lumbar vertebrae bones (L2-L4) in rats with established osteopenia. The experiment was conducted on 30 female Wistar rats, aged 3 months with an initial body weight of approximately 250 g. The femur was isolated on day 60 of the experiment and the three point bending test and BMD were performed. The lumbar vertebrae (l2-L4) were also investigated. The study revealed that beta-hydroxy and beta-methylbutyrate added to drinking water has a positive effect on BMD in femur, lumbar vertebrae and bone strength in ovariectomized Wistar rats.
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