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The purpose of the study was to assess the seasonality of wild boar reproduction and the weight of wild boar carcasses obtained in the hunting district of Lublin in the years 2012-2017. The study was based on the measurement of the weight of wild boar carcasses obtained by hunting and delivered to collection centres or kept by hunters for their own use. The animals were weighed upon evisceration. After determining the weight of the carcass, the age of the animal was determined on the basis of the growth and replacement of particular groups of deciduous teeth by permanent teeth as well as changes in the permanent dentition of the mandible. The seasonality of reproduction was then assessed on the basis of the estimated age and the length of pregnancy. The results show clear disturbances in reproductive seasonality. Less than 40% of farrowings occurred in the hitherto typical period, that is, in March and April. In fact, the farrowings took place in all months of the year, with the fewest in January and September. Body mass increased in the individual’s life, thus the highest growth rate of over 400% occurred in the youngest wild boars. The carcass weights in particular age groups (piglets, yearlings, 2-year-olds and older) were significantly higher than those recorded elsewhere in Poland. The piglets weighed on average 37.0 kg, yearlings 65.5 kg, and the oldest group 100.3 kg. The results show that the improvement in habitat conditions, combined with progressive climate changes, results in an earlier somatic and sexual maturation. This, in turn, results in higher reproduction rates and a dynamic population growth, leading to greater damage caused by this species in field crops.
Because of the ever−changing nature of the environment, the limited availability of natural resources, and the increased number of people in the world, modifications in food production can be very important. In order to prevent irreversible damage occurring in the natural environment, food sources that are an alternative to pig meat, beef and poultry from industrial production are being sought. An alternative may be the meat of slow−moving animals. The studies show the impact of livestock (such as pigs and cattle) price changes in comparison to wild game purchase prices. An average correlation was found (r=–0.536) between unit purchase prices of pig livestock and unit purchase prices of wild boar. Regarding the changes in the purchase prices of beef livestock and the purchase prices of the deer carcasses, a weak correlation was observed (r=0.219), while a lack of correlation (r=–0.012) was found between the change in the price of beef and roe−deer. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was stated that in the situation of predicting prices for carcasses of game animals in Poland, information on the apparently substitutive good of farm animals should not be included. The average or low level of correlation, or in case of roe−deer carcass – the lack of correlation between the prices of farmed animals and the prices of wild game, make it possible to conclude that the processes taking place on the analyzed markets in terms of price developments were separate and unrelated.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the season and region of shooting wild boars as well as their sex on the dressing percentage and the percentage of prime cuts in their carcasses. Investigations have been performed on the carcasses of 40 wild boars (boars and sows) of about 50kg and about 2 years of age shot during spring and autumn in areas characterised by different food availability: forest adjacent to agricultural land, and marsh offering limited supply of food for a wild boar population. After shooting, the carcasses were weighed and eviscerated, and the dressing percentage was calculated. Skinned carcasses were divided into the following prime cuts: ham with hock, loin, shoulder with hock, belly, neck, and yowl. Subsequently, the percentage of prime cuts was calculated. The results showed that carcasses of wild boars shot in autumn, when a great deal of food is available, were characterised by a higher percentage of cuts with ample adipose tissue, i.e. neck, belly and jowl, in comparison with boars shot in spring. More and higher quality meat was obtained from the carcasses of animals shot in the forest adjacent to agricultural land. Their meat was characterized by a higher percentage of hams and loins despite a large amount of adipose tissue. The effect of the animals’ sex on the dressing percentage and the percentage of prime cuts was somewhat lower.
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