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The interaction of epibrassinolide (epiBL) with gibberellins (GA3 and GA4+7) in tulip stem growth were studied. When stem length was about 10.0 cm, excision of all leaves and flower bud almost fully inhibited the stem growth in tulips. Epibrassinolide (epiBL) applied at a concentration of 100 nM or 300 nM did not induce tulip stem growth. The application of GA3 or GA4+7 at the concentration of 250 mg·dm-3 alone at all the internodes, after excision of all leaves and flower bud, induced slightly the increase length of all internodes. GA4+7 stimulated stem growth more than GA3. The application of gibberellins in the mixture with epiBL stimulated the growth of tulip shoot much more than gibberellins alone.
Effect of morphactin IT 3456, an auxin transport inhibitor, on tulip stem elongation induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was investigated. Tulip stem growth induced by IAA 0.1 % in lanolin paste applied on the top internode after excision of flower bud and removal of all leaves was greatly inhibited by 0.2 % morphactin IT 3456 applied on the 4th, 3rd, 2nd and 1st internode. The inhibitory effect of the morphactin on tulips stem growth promoted by IAA was restored by additional application of IAA below the morphactin treatment place. Morphactin inhibited also the growth of all internodes induced by flower bud in the absence of leaves. These results suggest a crucial role of auxin in the control growth of all internodes in tulip stem.
This manuscript reports that for tulip bulbs ( Tulipa gesneriana L. 'Apeldoorn'), simultaneous application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) with gibberellic acid (GA) increases gum formation in the bulbs, compared to JA-Me applied alone. After the dry scales of the bulbs were removed, the bulbs were treated with JA-Me and GA starting from the beginning of July 20 until November 30. Treated bulbs were stored in a laboratory room in natural light conditions. Gums produced by each treatment were weighted one month after treatment. JA-Me, at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% in lanolin, was applied alone, and also applied simultaneously with GA at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% in lanolin. All the concentrations of GA applied simultaneously with JA-Me, substantially stimulated gum production in tulip bulbs. The production of gums decreased gradually from the beginning of October. The possible mode of action of GA to stimulate gum production in tulip bulbs is also discussed. The focus is on sugar metabolism and ethylene production.
In several tulip cultivars propagated in vitro, a high decrease in propagation rate was observed after the 4th - 6th multiplication cycles. In vitro shoot cultures of the model tulip cultivars Blue Parrot and Prominence with relatively stable and high multiplication rate and shoots of new Polish cultivar Fringed Black which revealed a decreased regeneration capacity were used in the experiment. Shoots, multiplied at 8-week subculture period on MS modified medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), were treated with low temperature (5°C) for 8, 10 or 12 weeks and with 1 mg·dm⁻³ GA₃ which was added to the medium prior to cooling at the 3rd week of multiplication subculture. The significant enhancement of shoot multiplication by cooling was found for the cultivar Fringed Black only. Low temperature treatment for 10 - 12 weeks markedly increased multiplication rate from 2.5 (non-cooled control) to 5.8 - 6.4 (in the 1st subculture). The effect of increased regeneration capacity was maintained during 8 months of cyclic multiplication. Application of GA₃ decreased affect shoot multiplication rate. It is suggested that the decrease in multiplication rate of cv. Fringed Black could result from dormancy development in shoots because the restoration of regeneration capacity occurred after low temperature treatment.
Badano wpływ pięciu podłoży (piasek + perlit 1 : 1, substrat torfowo-kokosowy, torf wysoki + kora 1 : 1, torf wysoki + piasek 4 : 1, włókno kokosowe) na wzrost i kwitnienie tulipanów ‘Plaisir’ i 'Scarlet Baby’ w uprawie doniczkowej. Nie stwierdzono wpływu podłoża na długość okresu pędzenia. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że najlepszym podłożem do uprawy doniczkowej pędzonych tulipanów jest substrat torfowo-kokosowy i torf wysoki z korą. Tulipany w nich uprawiane były najwyższe, miały najdłuższe pąki kwiatowe, najwyższy wskaźnik największego liścia oraz największą masę. Podłożem mało przydatnym okazała się mieszanina piasku i perlitu, uprawiane w nim tulipany były najgorszej jakości.
Antagonistic effect of Bacillus polymyxa, strain S13, toward Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited in dual cultures with Bacillus polymyxa on potato dextrose agar. Suspension of B. polymyxa and its filtrate substantially inhibited spore germination and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae on tulip bulbs.
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