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The spawning stock of migratory sea trout in the Drwęca River was investigated 20 years after the Vistula River was dammed near Włocławek (1968). Fish scales and data were obtained from fish traps and anglers fishing in the lower Drwęca River. The age structure of sea trout which enter the Drwęca River to spawn and the percentage of them which are repeat spawners are presented taking into consideration the stocking coefficient. The age distribution was as follows: specimens returning to the river after one year in the sea-age A.0+ -1.3%;age group A.1+- 36.6%; age group A.2+ - 52.9%. The latter had spent three growth seasons in the sea and was the most numerous. Fish from age group A.3+ comprised an average of 8.5% of the samples. Repeat spawners comprised 4.3%. In addition to the more numerous summer sea trout, winter sea trout still occur in the Drwęca River, although they currently constitute only about 10% of all sea trout.
An in vitro transcription system from the trout testis nuclei was developed to study trout protamine gene expression. The protamine promoter contains, among others, two regulatory elements: 1) a cAMP-responsive element or CRE element (TGACGTCA) which is present in position 5' to TATA box, and 2) GC box (CCGCCC) which is present in position 3' to TATA box. The removal of the CRE-binding protein by titration (by the addition of appropriate oligonucleotides to the incubation mixture) resulted in a decrease in transcription of the protamine gene. These results were confirmed by experiments in which the pure CRE-binding factor (TPBP1) was used, as well as by those where a stimulatory effect of cAMP on protamine promoter transcription was observed. On the other hand, addition of oligonucleotides containing the GC-box sequence enhanced the protamine gene transcription indicating that the protein (Spl like) which binds to this sequence acts as a repressor of protamine gene expression. These results confirm the previously proposed model which suggested that the GC box played a role in negative regulation of the protamine gene expression. Involvement of some other factors in this process was also discussed.
Three hundred and thirteen samples of carp and trout were analysed for their ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations during a 2-year survey in Polish farms. The ¹³⁷Cs contents were below MDA values in most samples. The combined mean activity concentrations were about 2 Bq/kg. The highest ¹³⁷Cs concentration did not exceed 6 Bq/kg. The effective annual dose from consumption of freshwater fish was evaluated.
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