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We investigated the effect of a triterpene saponoside from Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. upon the viability, proliferation, morphology and cell motility of human melanoma HTB-140 cells and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). The compound, denoted LTS-4, decreased the viability and rate of cell growth of both cell types in a time-and dose-dependent manner, and proved cytotoxic against cancer cells at significantly lower concentrations than for fibroblasts. LTS-4 also affected the morphology of the examined cells, causing vacuolisation and actin cytoskeleton disintegration, and had an inhibitory effect on the tumour cell motility.
A relatively simple and short procedure for the quantitative determination of gypsogenin saponins was performed to evaluate homeopathic tinctures in which those compounds can be regarded as one of the active constituents. This method comprises partial hydrolysis of saponins, subsequent extraction of liberated prosaponin (gypsogenin 3-O-glucuronide) and its analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Glycyrrhizic acid was used as an internal standard. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of mother tinctures obtained from Saponaria officinalis. Thus, the determination of triterpenoid saponins can be used as a convenient and sufficient method of standardization of selected homeopathic tinctures
In order to initiate hairy root culture initiation cotyledons and hypocotyls of Calendula officinalis L. were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 or the same strain containing pCAMBIA 1381Z vector with β-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of promoter of NIK (Nematode Induced Kinase) gene. The efficiency of induction of hairy roots reached 33.8% for cotyledons and 66.6% for hypocotyls together for both transformation experiments. Finally, eight control and nine modified lines were established as a long-term culture. The hairy root cultures showed the ability to synthesize oleanolic acid mainly (97%) as glycosides; control lines contained it at the average 8.42 mg·g-1 dry weight in tissue and 0.23 mg·dm-3 in medium; modified lines: 4.59 mg·g-1 for the tissue, and 0.48 mg·dm-3 for the medium. Additionally lines showed high positive correlation between dry/fresh weight and oleanolic acid concentration in tissue. Using the Killiani mixture in acidic hydrolysis of oleanolic acid glycosides released free aglycones that were partially acetylated in such conditions.
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