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Experiments were performed on 12 sheep divided into 2 groups and fed a standard diet. The trial group received the same nutritive fodder supplemented with 0.3 ppm of sodium selenite (Na₂SeO3). The concentrations of selenium, triiodothyronine and thyroxine in serum were determined every 4 weeks during 20 weeks, respectively. Oral supplements of sodium selenite increased the serum concentration of selenium in sheep from 0.34 ± 0.19 to 4.25 ± 0.69 μmol/l. Contrary to those in the control group, serum Se content ranged from 0.34 ± 0.08 to 0.36 ± 0.10 μmol/I. Alterations in the metabolism of thyroid hormones showed that supplements of selenium produced an insignificant decrease of thyroxine with a slight increase in triiodothyronine concentration.
In this study, the effects of xylazine on serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), insulin (INS), and glucagon (GN) in dogs were investigated. The dogs before injection were used as control group (0 h). The dogs were injected with xylazine at 3 mg/kg, then blood was collected from the peripheral veins at 0.5, 2, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h after the injection. Serum T3, T4, INS, and GN were measured by ELISA. The results revealed that the T3 level decreased in serum 0.5 h after the injection (P<0.05), while the change in T4 was not significant. The secretion of INS increased 8 h after the injection (P<0.05). The GN level increased 2 h and 8 h after the injection (P<0.05). However, all of these changes returned to the norm after 24 h.
The connective tissue matrix of the heart remains under regulatory influence of the thyroid hormones. Some conflicting data describe the connective tissue changes in subjects with thyroid gland disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the changes of the connective tissue accumulation in the heart of rats in the state of hypothyroidism and to answer the question whether TSH is involved in mechanism of the observed phenomena. Hypothyroidism in rats was induced by methylotiouracil treatment or by thyreoidectomy. The thyroid hormones [freeT3 (fT3), freeT4 (fT4)] and pituitary TSH were measured in plasma with radioimmunological method. The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and total collagen were measured in heart muscle of both left and right ventricles. Cells from the rat’s heart were isolated and cultured. The cells were identified as myofibroblasts by electron microscopy method. The effects of TSH in concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 20 mIU/ml, on connective tissue accumulation in heart myofibroblasts cultures were tested. The primary hypothyroidism was developed both in groups with thyroidectomy and with methylthiouracil. The levels of fT3 and fT4 both in rats with thyreoidectomy and animals treated with methylthiouracil were decreased and TSH level in these two experimental groups was elevated. In the heart of the rats with experimental hypothyroidism increased content of both GAG and collagen was found. Myofibroblast number in culture was increased by TSH. Regardless of the method of its induction, hypothyroidism increased collagen and GAG contents in the heart. TSH is not involved in regulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycans accumulation in the heart of rats affected with primary hypothyroidism.
Thyroid hormones (THs) are obligatory for transition from breeding season to anestrus in sheep. In this process, THs act during a very limited time of the year and primarily within the brain. In ewes chronically equipped for sampling cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle, we have characterized the concentrations of total and free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and total reverse T3 (rT3) in the CSF during breeding season, anestrus and during a critical period required for transition to anestrus (December-March). The total T4, T3, rT3 and free T3 average concentrations (± SEM) in CSF were 1.5 ± 0.07 ng/ml, 14.5 ± 1.2 pg/ml, 43 ± 7.4 pg/ml, and 0.6 ± 0.05 pg/ml, respectively, and all were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in blood plasma except free T4 (12.6 ± 1.1 pg/ml), which was similar to that in plasma. There was a seasonal trend (p < 0.05) in the concentration of total T3 (highest in December) and free T4 (highest in November) in the CSF that does not follow that in blood plasma. During the period of transition to anestrus the CSF total T3/TT4 molar ratio and free T3/ T4 ratio were significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) than in blood plasma, while the total rT3/T4 ratio was significantly higher (p < 0.01) at the end of this period (March). Additionally, the CSF total rT3 concentrations were also significantly correlated with the CSF total T4 levels (r = 0.57; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the CSF in sheep may serve as a considerable source of thyroid hormones for neuroendocrine events. The lack of significant changes in THs concentrations in the CSF during the period of transition to anestrus indicate that neither seasonal changes of THs circulating in the blood plasma nor THs circulating in the CSF actively drive the transition to anestrus.
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