The article presents the formation and toxicity of trihalomethanes (THMs), substances belonging to Disinfection By- Products (DBP), formed as a result of pool water chlorination. Concentration of THMs in pool water has been standardised in Poland since recently. THMs concentration in pool water depends on multiple factors, mostly the method of water disinfection, including chlorine or organic substance (TOC) concentration. Apart from that, the level of exposure of swimmers to the toxic effect of THMs is affected by their content in the air of swimming pool halls, intensity of swimming as well as time of stay in the indoor swimming pool area. The water and air temperature as well as number of swimmers and time of their staying in pool have also significance influence on THMs concentration. In order to decrease the quantity of THMs in pool water, alternative disinfection agents are applied. Additionally, an efficiently operating pool ventilation system as well as proper water treatment method are also important. Because THMs are produced from organic material under the influence of the chlorination, the users can have an impact on decrease of the THMs concentration in pool water, for instance by taking a shower prior to entering the pool or by wearing a swim cap. The results of studies conducted in 2015 showed that the quantity of THMs in pool water depends on type of the pool (indoor, outdoor), water replacement frequency, water treatment system, chlorine dose and TOC content. In most collected samples, the THMs concentration exceeded the admissible norm (100 μg/L).
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed due to chlorination of water containing organic compounds. They have mutagenous and carcinogenic properties. The main representative of this effluent group is chloroform. The objectives of this paper are to determine the removal effectiveness of chloroform from natural water with the application of reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration as well as modelling the flux of using a mathematical model based on resistance determination law and filtration model in constant pressure conditions (J. Hermia's model). The investigation carried out demonstrated the possibility of applying these processes for the removal of chloroform from water. The comparison of volumetric fluxes - the model flux and the experimental one, confirmed good congruence of the model calculations with the results of investigation studies.
Oceniono wpływ chlorowania solanki w basenie leczniczym na zawartość w niej trihalometanów i nagromadzanie się tych związków w powietrzu hali basenowej. Określono rodzaj i stężenie badanych związków w zależności od długości cyklu eksploatacyjnego.
Trihalomethanes (methane derivatives containing chlorine and/or bromine) have been determined in drinking waters in Upper Silesia - the most industrious and most populated region in Poland. Halomethane content determination is based on Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC) with Electron Capture Detector (ECD), while these compounds' isolation from waters by Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) is based on optical fibres coated with poly(dimethylsiloxane) phase. In liquid phase the microextraction technique was applied to extract the halogenated compounds from the drinking water coming from consumers' taps in the Upper Silesia region. This method showed precision in the range of 3-12% (R.S.D), depending on the compound. The volatile compounds were present in investigated water in the concentration range from a few ppb to sub ppb.
Przedstawiono przebieg reakcji powstawania trihalogenometanów (THM-ów), wyniki (własne i WSSE) badania zawartości lotnych chlorowanych węglowodorów w wodzie wodociągowej, a także możliwości zapobiegania powstawaniu nadmiernych ilości tych substancji w wodzie.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.