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1

Structure of trichomes from the surface of leaves of some species of Kalanchoe Adans.

100%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chernetskyy M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2005

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tom 47

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nr 2

The paper presents the results of studies on the structure of non-glandular and glandular trichomes occurring on the surface of leaves of eight species of the genus Kalanchoë Adans. (Crassulaceae DC.). Stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the length and number of trichomes on a 1 mm2 area of both surfaces of the leaf blade, the shape and number of their cells, the content of anthocyanins or tannins in the cells, cuticle sculpture, the presence of surface waxes, and protuberances of the cell walls of the mentioned structures. Considerable differentiation of trichome structure was observed. Trichomes were divided into eight types. Four were for non-glandular trichomes: bushy three-branched type (K. beharensis Drake et Castillo, K. millotii Hamet et H. Perr., K. tomentosa Bak), peltate stellate type (K. hildebrandtii Baill.), peltate sagittal-hastate type (K. hildebrandtii, K. orgyalis Bak.), and peltate rhomboid type (K. rhombopilosa Mann. et Boit.). The remaining four were for glandular trichomes: clavatetype (K. gastonis-bonnieri R. Hamet et H. Perr.), capitate type (K. beharensis, K. manginii R. Hamet et H. Perr., K. millotii), peltate type (K. millotii) and truncate type (K. orgyalis). The presence of different types of dead non-glandular and glandular trichomes on the surface of the leaves, the morphology of which was studied in the present work, may be considered an important adaptation to the conditions of the natural environment.

2

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Adaptations of Lamium album L. flowers to pollination by Apoidea

84%

Sulborska A., Dmitruk M., Konarska A., Weryszko-Chmielewska E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 6

The presence of ruderal and mid-field vegetation promotes conservation of biodiversity and provides an additional source of food for insect pollinators. The white deadnettle is a common synanthropic plant visited frequently by various groups of insects, as it is a source of pollen and nectar. In 2012–2013, in the city of Lublin (Poland), signalling and food attractants in L. album flowers were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The pipetting method was used for determination of nectar abundance in the flowers, and the content of sugars in the nectar was assessed with the use of an Abbe refractometer. It was found that the white dead-nettle flowers emitted a fragrance and were equipped with nectar guides, and the corolla and stamens had glandular trichomes and papillae secreting essential oils. On the stamens, there are also non-glandular trichomes, which play a role of pollen presenters. The nectary in the L. album flower has a shape of an irregular disc partly surrounding the base of the ovary. The content of sugars in the nectar was 43%. Sugar and honey yields per ha were calculated, and the values obtained were 153 kg and 191 kg, respectively.

3

The biology of flowering and structure of selected elements of Cornus alba L. flowers

84%

Konarska A.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2009

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tom 62

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nr 1

The biology of flowering and the micromorphology of Cornus alba flowers were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowering of white dogwood in 2008 lasted 35 days, and the lifespan of a single flower was 3 days. The number of flowers per inflorescence was variable (on the average, it was 89). The largest group of insects visiting the flowers of C. alba comprised Hymenoptera (mainly bees and andrenids), then ants, dipterans and beetles. They foraged the dogwood flowers most intensively between 11.00 and 15.00. The inconspicuous four-petalled flowers of C. alba were characterised by the occurrence of T-shaped, two-armed non-glandular trichomes covering the receptacle as well as observed on the petals of the corolla, the style of the pistil and the anthers in a smaller number. The trichomes were covered by a thick cuticle with characteristic outgrowths. They contained a living protoplast, and plastids were observed in the cytoplasm of the trichome cells. In addition, anomocytic stomata were found in the epidermis of the receptacle and in the epidermis of the corolla petals. The stigma of the pistil and the adaxial epidermis of the petals were composed of very numerous conical papillae.

4

Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

84%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 2

The micromorphology of selected elements of Echium vulgare L. fl owers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fi ne, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

5

Summer distribution patterns of Trichodesmium spp. in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf

84%

Jiang Z., Chen J., Zhou F., Zhai H., Zhang D., Yan X.

Oceanologia

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2017

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tom 59

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nr 3

To examine the distribution of Trichodesmium relative to physicochemical factors during summer in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf, three cruises were conducted separately in June 2009, July 2011, and August 2009. Trichodesmium species found were T. thiebautii, T. erythraeum, and T. hildebrandtii. The population was dominated by T. thiebautii, which accounted for >85% of the samples found. Most of them were free trichomes. Colonial forms were rarely observed (approximately 10% of our samples), occurring only in offshore waters. The depth integrated abundances of Trichodesmium were 308 × 103, 1709 × 103, and 3448 × 103 trichomes m−2 in June, July, and August, respectively. Trichodesmium was distributed abundantly in the southern or southeastern part of our study area, where nutrients were low and light penetration, temperature, and salinity were high, which were influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current (TWC) and Kuroshio. Trichodesmium was found in low abundance in inshore, eutrophic, low-salinity waters, which were mainly controlled by the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) and coastal current. These results suggest that spatiotemporal changes in the summer Trichodesmium distribution correlate highly with the variations in physicochemical properties that are primarily controlled by the TWC, Kuroshio, and CDW. The summer N2 fixation rate of Trichodesmium was estimated at 12.3 μmol N m−2 d−1 in our study area, contributing >50% of biological N2 fixation.

6

Fruit and seed morphology of the genus Heracleum L. (Apiaceae) in Poland

84%

Klimko M., Truchan M., Wysakowska I.

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana

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2013

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tom 17

The paper presents the results of a study on mericarps and seed morphology of four taxa occurring in Poland: Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium and subsp. sibiricum, H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi. Apart from selected biometric traits we analysed pericarps and seed-coat patterns using a stereoscopic microscope (SM) and a scanning microscope (SEM). Considerable diff erences in the dorsal surface of mericarps were observed, but major structural similarities were found on the ventral surface of mericarps. Pericarp surface diff ers signifi cantly between native and alien taxa in terms of secondary sculpture. The examined seeds were characterised by reticulate primary sculpture with diff erent size and shape of testa cells. The macro- and micromorphological characteristics of the mericarp and seeds may provide valuable additional diagnostic criteria for delimitation of Heracleum and can be used in the identifi cation of fruits and seeds.

7

Micromorphological studies on Heracleum L. (Apiaceae) in Poland with emphasis on ovary ornamentations and trichomes

84%

Klimko M., Truchan M., Klimko W.

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana

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2013

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tom 17

The ovary surface ornamentation, pilosity and hair types were observed under SEM in Polish taxa of the genus Heracleum: H. sphondylium subsp. sphondylium and subsp. sibiricum, H. pubescens (ephemerophyte from two new localities), H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi. Diff erences of taxonomic signifi cance were found in the pilosity and ornamentation of the ovary surface. Pilosity of ovaries supports intraspecies variation reported to date in H. sphondylium, but these features are not correlated with any other characters in either subspecies. The ovary surface was either rugose with secondary striations or smooth. The ovaries were glabrous (in H. sphondylium subsp. sibiricum) and more or less densely covered by hairs in the other taxa. Examined taxa exhibit a considerable homogeneity of trichome structure, they are nonglandular, but diff er in their size and shape, with several diff erent types distinguished for: macrohairs, setae, prickles and papillae. The microsculpturing of trichomes varies from smooth, striate to tuberculate. Results of this study provided data on new qualitative traits of ovary epidermal structure, which may be used in identifi cation of Heracleum specimens.

8

Leaf epidermis traits as tools to identify Solidago L. taxa in Poland

84%

Szymura M., Wolski K.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 1

We used via light and scanning electron microscopy to study the leaf epidermis of five Solidago taxa from southwestern Poland. Light microscopy was employed to describe the epidermal surface, including stomatal types, the shape of epidermal cell walls, stomatal density, the distribution of stomata between the abaxial and adaxial epidermis, and stomatal guard cell length. From these observations we calculated the stomatal index (SI) and stomatal ratio (SR) as the basis for defining the type of leaf. From LM of transverse sections of leaf we described mesophyll structure, the presence of secretory canals, adaxial and abaxial epidermis thickness, and leaf thickness. We examined cuticular ornamentation, trichome features and epicuticular secretions by SEM. As determined by discriminatory analysis, the most important traits distinguishing these taxa were the stomatal index of the adaxial epidermis, leaf thickness, features of the walls of epidermal cells, and the presence and features of trichomes. On the basis of observations and measurements we created a key for distinguishing Solidago taxa.

9

Comparative SEM investigations of the abaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus cerris L. var. cerris Loud. and Quercus cerris L. var.austriaca [Willd.] Loud. from Croatia

84%

Bacic T.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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1997

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tom 39

The study involved screening and SEM analysis of the micromorphological features of the abaxial leaf surface of ordinary epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes of two varieties of Quercus cerris L. The results indicated features distinguishing the two varieties: in var. austriaca the wax is present as crystalloids in the form of simple platelets, while in var. cerris the wax appears as a smooth layer. Moreover, the results point to some special characteristics of Q. cerris in relation to other Quercus species. The approximately square, not ellipsoid, shape of the peristomatal rims is typical of the species Q. cerris L.

10

Floral, resin-secreting trichomes in Maxillaria dichroma Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)

67%

Stpiczynska M., Davies K. L.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2009

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tom 62

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nr 2

Resin-secreting, sunken, glandular trichomes have been described from the vegetative organs of Maxillaria and certain related taxa. However, until now, these hairs have not been recorded for Maxillaria flowers, nor have they been examined at the ultrastructural level for any part of the plant. Here for the first time, these hairs are described using LM, SEM and TEM, and their possible functions discussed.

11

Morphological differentiation and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots

67%

Dmitruk M., Weryszko-Chmielewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

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tom 63

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nr 1

The structure, micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shots were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were distinguished 3 types of non-glandular trichomes, 3 types of glandular trichomes and papillae of the osmophore in the epidermis of the corolla. The highest density of non-glandular and glandular trichomes was found on the abaxial surface of the calyx, on bracts and in the upper part of the stem. Structural variations in the head and stalk of long glandular trichomes were demonstrated. The dimensions of particular types of trichomes are given in the present paper. Differences in the structure of the trichomes of this species are presented, compared to literature data. The micromorphology of particular trichome types is documented in numerous photographs showing the rich ornamentation of the cuticle of non-glandular trichomes.

12

Micromorphology and anatomy of the floral elements of Tradescantia x andersoniana W. Ludw. Rohweder

67%

Chwil M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2011

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tom 64

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nr 2

The genus Tradescantia comprises about 70 species. In Poland Tradescantia x andersoniana is basically grown as an ornamental plant that is recommended for borders and to be planted around garden ponds. The present study investigated flowering as well as the micromorphological and anatomical features of some floral elements of Tradescantia x andersoniana W. Ludw. Rohweder ‘Karin’. The macro- and micromorphology of the flowers was examined using stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spiderwort produces flowers with a diameter of 4.6 – 5 cm, which open early in the morning and close at noon. Non-glandular and glandular hairs grow on the abaxial surface of the calyx and on the apical part of the ovary. The glandular hairs develop a several-celled stalk and a unicellular spherical or elongated head. The staminal filaments produce chain-shaped trichomes. Striate cuticular ornamentation is found on their surface and on the epidermis covering the perianth. The striae on the cells of the stamen hairs run to the two poles of the cell. The pistil develops a wet stigma with unfused unicellular papillae. The cuticle on their surface is smooth, whereas on the style near the stigma it forms dense folds.

13

The influence of lead on structure of Cucumis sativus L. leaves

67%

Chwil M.

Folia Horticulturae

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2005

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tom 17

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nr 2

14

Micromorphological studies of Lallemantia L. [Lamiaceae] species growing in Turkey

67%

Dinc M., Pinar N. M., Dogu S., Yildirimli S.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 1

45-54

Micromorphological features related to the pollen, nutlets and trichomes of Lallemantia species growing in Turkey were investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopy. Lallemantia pollen shares morphological features with subfamily Nepetoideae (tribe Mentheae, subtribe Nepetinae) pollen. However, the fine details are characteristic enough to differentiate the pollen between species. The exine is microreticulate in L. peltata and L. iberica, and reticulate-foveolate in L. canescens. Similarly, nutlet features are similar in general, but there are striking differences in surface details between species. Nutlets are black and oblong-triangular with V-shaped areoles. The surface is verrucate in L. iberica and L. canescens, and verrucate-rugulate in L. peltata. The warts are regular and separated in L. peltata, irregular and separated in L. iberica, and irregular and separated or sometimes associated in 2 to 4 groups in L. canescens. Two types of trichome, capitate and acicular, are present on the stems, leaves, calyx and bracts. The results suggest that although the distribution and micromorphology of trichomes has no taxonomic value, some pollen and nutlet micromorphological characters have the potential to serve as phylogenetic markers at the species level in the genus Lallemantia. However, pollen characteristics show no correlation with the nutlet characteristics.

15

Note on use of some micro-morphological features in distinction of three pubescent oaks in Croatia

67%

Bacic T.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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1996

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tom 38

The abaxial epidermis of pubescent oaks, Quercus brachyphylla Kotschy, Quercus dalmatica Radić and Quercus pubescens Willd., was studied with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Micro-morphological features (surface of trichomes, stomata, ordinary epidermal cells and wax) do not permit to distinguish the three oaks species. Nevertheless, the difference among the taxa exist in leaf phenology and time of appearance and rate of degradation of epicuticular wax crystalloids. Alteration of wax crystalloids into amorphous wax is interpreted in favour of natural phenomenon of the wax ageing and degradation.

16

Morphological and anatomical structure of seeds and fruits in Phyllodoce coerulea and Loiseleuria procubens [Ericaceae]

67%

Szkudlarz P.

Biological Letters

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2002

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tom 39

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nr 1-2

Ograniczanie wyników

Structure of trichomes from the surface of leaves of some species of Kalanchoe Adans.

Adaptations of Lamium album L. flowers to pollination by Apoidea

The biology of flowering and structure of selected elements of Cornus alba L. flowers

Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

Summer distribution patterns of Trichodesmium spp. in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and adjacent East China Sea shelf

Fruit and seed morphology of the genus Heracleum L. (Apiaceae) in Poland

Micromorphological studies on Heracleum L. (Apiaceae) in Poland with emphasis on ovary ornamentations and trichomes

Leaf epidermis traits as tools to identify Solidago L. taxa in Poland

Comparative SEM investigations of the abaxial leaf epidermis of Quercus cerris L. var. cerris Loud. and Quercus cerris L. var.austriaca [Willd.] Loud. from Croatia

Floral, resin-secreting trichomes in Maxillaria dichroma Rolfe (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)

Morphological differentiation and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots

Micromorphology and anatomy of the floral elements of Tradescantia x andersoniana W. Ludw. Rohweder

The influence of lead on structure of Cucumis sativus L. leaves

Micromorphological studies of Lallemantia L. [Lamiaceae] species growing in Turkey

Note on use of some micro-morphological features in distinction of three pubescent oaks in Croatia

Morphological and anatomical structure of seeds and fruits in Phyllodoce coerulea and Loiseleuria procubens [Ericaceae]