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A severe white rot decay of a very old mango (Mangifera indica L.) tree trunk was observed form Himachal Pradesh, a hilly state of north India. The initial of decaying symptoms were firstly noticed in 2010 which progressed with destructive tissue death of tree trunk. A spongy, sessile, bracket-fungus was found associated with the decay. Morphological and microscopic examination of the collected specimens confirmed the fungus as Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. Since, P. gilvus is a saprobic fungus having a wide host range worldwide and M. indica is one of the most attacked hosts in India. Therefore, the present report is an important addition to the existing knowledge which will be helpful in understanding the pathogen diversity and interaction with host.
High density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass. Large quantities of oil palm biomass available can significantly become the important source for renewable energy in Malaysia in the form of pellet or briquette. Nonetheless, lignocellulosic biomass should be treated to increase their energy efficiency prior to the combustion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of torrefaction treatment on the weight loss and energy properties of oil palm biomass (oil palm trunk and empty fruit bunch). The lignocellulosic biomass was torrefied at three different temperatures (200 to 300 °C) within 15 to 45 min. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of torrefaction conditions, to determine the maximum energy properties and minimum weight loss. Results showed that heating values of biomass was affected by treatment severity (cumulated effect of temperature and time). While the reaction temperature had a strong impact on the energy density of torrefied biomass, the effect of treatment time was considerably lesser under the torrefaction conditions used in this study. It was demonstrated that each biomass type had its own unique set of operating conditions to achieve the same product quality. The optimized torrefaction conditions were verified empirically and applicability of the model was confirmed. The results of this study could be used as a guide for the production of high density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass. Conclusively, high density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass can be produced using torrection method.
W pracy stwierdzono istotny wpływ pochodzenia sosny na wysokość drzew oraz grubość odkładanej kory. Badania nie wykazały natomiast istotnego wpływu pochodzenia na wielkość pierśnicy i miąższość strzał bez kory w badanej populacji sosen.
On the basis of cone traits, three groups of Scots pine populations: lowland (N), mountain (C) and fool-hill (P) were distinguished in the Carpathian Mts, and the Sudety Mts. (Skrzyszewski 2001b). The aim of the study was to determinate the morphological and increment traits of population groups, which were of the highest discriminating power in interpopulational comparison regardless of group division based on cone morphology. The traits related to high quality of stem (tree height, short and narrow crowns with fine branches which fall off the stem quicker, less slenderness of stem and thinner bark) are more characteristic for the foot­hill pine and less for mountain pine. Pines of those populations form narrower annual D.B.H. increment in the same periods of life. Lowland pine (N) is characterized by the largest diameter increment and the largest differentiation of studied trails, and probably by the greatest plasticity. Regardless of the stand division done on the basis of cone morphology, stem and crown traits, which are crucial for production value, are of the highest discriminating power. The studies indicate that environmental factor is more significant than factor of origin. From the quality point of view, the foot-hill pines are marked by the best silvicultural traits.
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