Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis Libbert 1933 in the Czaplowizna Nature Reserve, Lochow Primeval Forest

100%

Ciosek M. T., Sikorski R.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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2004

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tom 69

2

Comparative analysis of the calorific value of giant fir timber (Abies grandis Lindl.) from various stands in southern Poland

75%

Wasik R., Michalec K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 3

The paper presents a comparative analysis of wood calorific value of grand fir (Abies grandis Lindl.), originating from four stands of the southern Poland. The research material were the samples, collected from the trunks of 30 trees in each stand. The samples were divided into sections, each containing five annual increments. Then each section was measured: annual ring width and the relative wood density, which was converted to dry wood density, taking the total volumetric shrinkage of 11%. It was assumed that the calorific value of 1 kg dry wood of grand fir is 20.15 MJ. On the basis on the analysis it was found that the average calorific value of 1 m3 of grand fir wood was 8021 MJ. It was shown, that a significantly higher calorific value was obtained by the combustion of 1 m3 wood of giant fir trees, growing on the poorer soil in comparison to the more fertile soils. Statistical analysis also showed that with increasing age of the trees the calorific value of 1 m3 grand fir wood increases significantly.

3

Occurrence of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. In the roots of blown down trees in Scots pine stands growing on post-agricultural soil of the Experimental Forest District Zielonka

63%

Szewczyk W.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2007

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tom 06

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nr 3

4

The impact of beaver ponds on tree stand in a river valley

63%

Boczon A., Wrobel M., Syniaiev V.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2009

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nr 13a

5

The dynamics of stem necrosis occurrence in mountain stands of varying forest cover index and ground slope

63%

Michalec K., Wasik R.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2012

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tom 11

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nr 3

The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and extent of mechanical damage of tree stems in mountain spruce stands of varying forest cover index and ground slope, without taking into account the technology used in obtaining wood. The study was conducted in 17 spruce stands located in the Sudetes and the Carpathians. In the stands the 1 ha test surfaces were established. The damage on trees with dbh ≥ 18 cm was measured. As a result of the analysis it was found that the most damaged trees grew in the stand with forest cover ratio of 0.7 and 1.0, while taking into account the decline of the area most damage was found in the stands with a slope of 16 to 25°. The study, however, showed no clear relationship between the position of necrosis on tree stems (its size and height) and forest cover and a decrease of the area.

6

The influence of forest stand and organic horizon development on soil surface measurement of magnetic susceptibility

63%

Zawadzki J., Fabijanczyk P., Magiera T.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2007

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tom 40

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nr 2

113-124

Topsoil magnetic susceptibility measurements (κ) are used for the fast and effective assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals, the result of industrial and urban dust deposition. Those areas with a high content of anthropogenic magnetic particles in the soil, which as a result exhibits enhanced topsoil magnetic susceptibility, are areas potentially contaminated with heavy metals. While taking the measurements and during further data interpretation it is important to include some additional sampling factors that can influence the measured value. The aim of this study wasto verify the hypothesis of the influence of a forest stand on the magnetic signal measured in forest topsoil, as well as the influence of the thickness of the organic layer on the surface κ measurement. The study was based on data from 830 regional measurements. Furthermore, 620 values measured at a local site were used to validate the results obtained using the regional data set. The results showed that soil surface magnetic susceptibility measured in deciduous forests and in deciduous with coniferous admixtures was statistically higher than those measured in coniferous forests. The data also revealed that thick organic horizon slightly decrease the κ valuemeasured on the soil surface. However, there is no direct relationship between the measured κ valuesand the occurrence of a tree stand, instead there is a more complex influx of natural (pedological,geological) and methodological (measurement preferences) features.

7

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Changes in the structure of tree stands on bog habitats in the Bialowieza forest

63%

Czerepko J.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 1

The analyses of 4 permanent study plots located in the Białowieża forest (NE Poland, at 52º43´ N, 23º50´ E) were carried out 4 times, first time in 1973 or 1974 and next in 1985, 1998, 2008. The paper presents the results of a long–term study on natural forest dynamics in two forest communities: raised-bog pine forest of the association Ledo-Sphagnetum magellanici Sukopp 1959 em. Neuhäusl 1969 and transitional bogs represented by the boreal spruce forest Sphagno girgensohnii-Piceetum Polak. 1962. On each measurement date the DBH of all trees were recognized. At the same time, stems of shrub species as well as tree species with the height lower than 1.3 m were counted within the experimental areas. During the study period the structure of stands changed significantly. The major change observed on raised bog sites was an increase in numbers of Betula spp., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Quercus robur L. After 34th-year of observations the boreal spruce forest stand partly passed the terminal phase and regenerated. New species occurred in the stands, especially in their lower layer, are typical for oak-lime-hornbeam forest, such as e.g. Carpinus betulus L., Q. robur, Acer platanoides L. Rapid development of Corylus avellana L. was also observed. During last decades, the decrease in the number of Pinus sylvestris L. trees has been observed. The results of analyses of stand data in four research periods show that the wetland habitat of the Białowieża forest has been a subject to the processes of succession conditioned by environmental changes such as desiccation through lowering of the water table as well as climatic changes entailing inter alia an increase of the air temperature and a decrease of precipitation.

8

Limitations of Ripley’s K(t) function use in the analysis of spatial patterns of tree stands with heterogeneous structure

63%

Bolibok L.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

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2008

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tom 07

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nr 1

The use of Ripley’s K(t) function for analysis of spatial structure of tree stands has recently become easier due to the growing availability of advanced software. Unfortunately not every data set is suitable for analysis with classical estimator of K(t) function. Large directional differences in density of trees in analysed region cause that estimators suggest aggregated distribution of tress even if it is not true. This paper presents the review of proposals to solve this problem based on dividing of the analysed region into homogeneous sub-regions. Analyses carried out on separate sub-regions can furnish viable information about spatial structure of tree stand. Besides, examples of such analyses made with commonly available non commercial software are presented.

9

Contribution of Phytophthora spp. in the phenomenon of alder decline in Poland

63%

Oszako T.

Phytopathologia

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2010

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tom 57

10

Size and localisation of knots in timber from mountain spruce stands in the Dolomites

63%

Barszcz A., Sandak A., Sandak J.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 1

The aim of the study was evaluation of knots in wood of 150-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in stands situated at the altitude of 1450– 1740 m above sea level in the Dolomites in Italian section of the Alps. In selected stands, spruce trees were cut down and their length, stem thickness, height to the crown base and stem diameters at every 1 m along the length of merchantable bole were measured. The diameter of knots was measured and they were classified according to their healthiness and the degree of their tightness with the surrounding wood. The relative knot diameters were calculated and the relative height of their location on stem was determined. In total on sample trees there were analysed 1070 knots, of which sound knots (close to 75%) and tight (more than 60%) prevailed. Sound and tight knots had largest diameters, relative diameters and relative heights of location on merchantable boles. The smallest diameters and relative diameters were indicated by rotten and not tight knots that were located at the lowest merchantable bole parts.

11

Effect of the age of spruce stands on the balance of elements in the Potok Dupniański catchment

63%

Malek S.

Dendrobiology

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2004

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tom 51 Supplement

The study analyses the transfer of F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ from bulkprecipitation to throughfall, soil surface flow, vertical flow and intercover flow of water (gravity lysimeters at 20 cm soil depth) in spruce stands of different age classes (1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th), and the amount of these ions flowing out from the Potok Dupniański catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. The results cover the year 2000. The concentration and amount of SO4 2- in throughfall systematically increased and the pH value decreased with the age of the stands and with successive elements of the ecosystem. The NH4+ ion was probably absorbed in the canopy, which caused a washout of K+, Mn2+, F- and SO42- in the vegetation season in older stands. In the winter season, Fe2+, Mn2+, Na+ and K+ were washed out from the youngest stands (1st age class), whereas F-, NO3 -, SO42--, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ – from older canopies. Decomposition of the organic matter caused a rise in water acidity and an increase in the concentrations of all the analysed ions; their leaching, however, was low (under 1%). Water from intercover flow contributed to an increase in the amount of water and the concentration and amount of ions and to a further decrease in water reaction at a soil depth of 20 cm. All the anions and cations flowed away with water penetrating vertically and horizontally. Considerable amounts of ions, especially SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were carried beyond the reach of the main mass of the root system and then out of the catchment, which may adversely affect the development and health of spruce stands.

12

Litter-fall and humus accumulation in thinning experiment Kristianov in the Jizerske Hory Mts.

63%

Novak J., Slodicak M., Dusek D.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

13

The trees protection project, that is how to plan, implement, enforce valid protection of the trees in the investment process

63%

Suchocka M., Szczepanowska H. B.

Człowiek i Środowisko

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2015

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tom 39

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nr 3

14

Preliminary assessment of the ecochemical condition of soils after fertilization of younger spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. stands in the Beskid Slaski and Zywiecki Mts.

63%

Malek S., Januszek K., Barszcz J., Blonska E., Wanic T., Gasienica-Fronek W., Kroczek M.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 2

The experimental plots were located in the middle forest zone (900– 950 m) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians: Magura (the Ujsoły Forest District) and Silesian (the Wisła Forest District) in the spruce stands of age class 21– 40 years. Serpentinite was introduced in the autumn of 2008 on all plots while other fertilizers (N, P, NP and NPK) in the spring of 2009. Based on the chemical composition of soil solutions collected in lysimeters placed at the depth of 20 cm in the autumn 2008 and the spring and autumn 2009, ecochemical parameters were calculated: acid neutralization capacity (ANCaq), alkalinity (ALK), the degree of soil acidity (Ma%), acidic cations (Ma), saturation of the exchangeable complex of the soil solid phase (Mb) with alkalis, saturation with alkalis (BS), molar relations Ca/Al, Mb/Al, BC/Al. After the winter, soil solutions became acidic, especially in the Wisła Forest District. The saturation of the studied soils demonstrates moderate flexibility of soils in the Wisła Forest District in relation to acid load, and high flexibility of the Ujsoły soils. The opposite trend was observed for the degree of acidity of soils. Acid neutralization capacity and alkalinity of the waters showed significant variations in soil pH even in the case of small variations in the composition of the solution, if they were caused by the inflow of the anions of NO3 - and SO4 2-. After application of the fertilizers, an increase of Mg, Ca and Mb was noted in the soil solution, determined in the overlaying highly acidic organic horizons trough the ion-exchange buffering mechanism of highly protonated functional groups with high buffering capacity. Highly improved content of Mg in a soil, and in some cases – also the content of N, P and K, present potential improvement of forest growth capacity without the hazard of adverse side-effects of liming. Aluminum stress in the spruce is unlikely, while trees in the control plots in the Wisła Forest District may already be sensitive.

15

Content of macronutrients in needles and litterfall in Norway spruce stands of different age in the Potok Dupnianski catchment, the Silesian Beskid

63%

Malek S., Grabowski L.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

16

Ancient forest species in tree stands of different age as indicators of the continuity of forest habitat

63%

Sikorska D., Sikorski P., Wierzba M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

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2008

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tom 29

17

Topographic differences play a limited role on species distribution in a sub-tropical forest in South China

63%

Gong G.-Q., Huang Z.-L., Ye W.-H., Cao H.-L., lian J.-Y., Lin G.-J., Wei S.-G., Li L., Bin Y., Kong B., Li B.-W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 3

Habitat association test has been regarded as an effective way to evaluate the relative role of niche differentiation in a community. Topographical attributes are often selected as surrogates of niche processes. However, the inference for relative role of niche differentiation is likely problematic if the spatial dependence of plant community on underlying spatiallystructured topographic variables is not accounted for. In this study, we used the torus shift and principal component analysis (PCA) to resolve this problem, and tested the habitat associations by adjusted-SD test in a sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in south China. The result revealed that minority of 100 common species were specialist, among which 8 species associated with first two PC axes (accounted for 98% of total eigenvalue and contributed mainly by mean elevation and aspect) and 22 species associated with last two PC axes (contributed by slope and convexity). In conclusion, we found the niche processes represented by topographical attributes play a limited role in the Dinghushan sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest plot. Further study should include more habitat variables to examine the habitat associations.

18

Biodiversity of Balcan pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) experimental stands in the Rogow Arboretum (Poland)

63%

Kalucka I., Jagodzinski A. M., Skorupski M., Kasprowicz M., Wojterska M., Dobies T., Slawska M., Wierzbicka A., Labedzki A., Nowinski M., Malek S., Banaszczak P., Karolewski P., Oleksyn J.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2013

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tom 55

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nr 4

The Balkan pine (Pinus peuce) is a Balkan Peninsula endemic tree species, growing in high mountains of Bulgaria, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania, and Greece and forming pure and mixed stands in subalpine forests. The paper gives a survey of biodiversity of Balkan pine stands in the Rogów Arboretum in reference to environmental data. In the plots examined, 29 taxa of vascular plants, 29 taxa of macrofungi and 127 taxa of invertebrates were recorded. The revealed diversity is discussed with regard to the data from Pinus peuce natural habitats.

19

Assessment of black locust [Robinia pseudoacacia L.] shelterbelt influence on enzymatic activity and some chemical parameters of eutric cambisol

63%

Piotrowska A., Mazurek R.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

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2009

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tom 42

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nr 1

31-41

The objective of the study was to monitor the activity of soil enzymes related to C, N and P transformations as well as some chemical parameters as influenced by an area covered with black locust (Robinia pseudoacaciaL). Samples of typical brown soil were collected from the surface layer of a cultivated field (0 - 24 m, every 2 m) adjacent to a planted area under black locust trees. Activities of the enzymes of the C-cycle (β-glucosidase), N-cycle (nitrate reductase, arginine deaminase and urease), P-cycle (alkaline and acid phosphatases) and dehydrogenases were determined colorimetrically. Moreover, pH in KCl, CORG, NTOT, PE-R and N-NH₄⁺ determinations were made. Significant differentiation of chemical parameters and enzymatic activity (except for acid phosphatase activity) was noted with increasing distance from black locust trees. CORG, NTOT concentrations and dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, urease andβ-glucosidase activitiesdecreased with the distance fromR. pseudoacaciawhile PE-Rand N-NH₄⁺contents as well as nitratere ductase and deaminase arginine positively correlated with the distance from the black locust stand.

20

Net radiation of mountain cultivated Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stand: evaluation of short- and long-wave radiation ratio

63%

Markova I., Marek M. V.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 2

The radiation exchange drives the plant ecosystems energy balance and provides the energy for photosynthesis, transpiration and plant growth. The investigation on net radiation and its component during vegetation season in relation to the clearness index and sun elevation in a cultivated 31-year-old mountain spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] stand is presented. Downward short-wave radiation – Sd (incident on the spruce stand was the main part of the short-wave radiation balance during the whole growing season (April–October) 2008. The Sd a mount i s seasonally variable factor determined by the duration of solar shine and the atmosphere transmissivity. Obtained value of net radiation (Rn) and downward short-wave radiation (Sd) ratio amounts to 0.61 on average during the growing season 2008 documenting the importance of the downward short-wave radiation in the net radiation of investigated spruce stand.

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