This paper discusses transfer cell wall deposition and architecture in various trap hairs of the carnivorous plant Utricularia intermedia. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the middle cells of both internal hairs and pavement epithelium hairs have reticulate-type wall ingrowths. The wall ingrowths of the middle cell of both quadrifids and bifids are very well developed. However, in middle cells of pavement epithelium hairs the level of development of wall ingrowths is not uniform. The presence of ruptured cuticles and wall ingrowths in these hairs suggests that water is transported by the pavement epithelium hairs from the trap to the external environment.
The purpose of the research was the comparison of capturing effectiveness of large pine weevils with different types of traps. The research was conducted in the forest of Oborniki forest division (RDLP Poznań). It has been shown that most large pine weevils are captured by the IBL4 type trap. The least effective trap turned out to be the trap log.
The informative power of species surrogacy with respect to ecological processes and anthropogenic influences has been rarely studied. Thus, five datasets on carabid beetles collected using pitfall traps were analysed in order to study the impact of changing the taxonomic resolution from species to genus level on their indicatory information: a dataset of eight study sites in differently managed habitats sampled in 2013, a dataset tracing successional changes from 2004 to 2013 in a naturally regenerated pine forest, a dataset of three sites on a heap of power plant ashes and a dataset of four sites on a colliery spoil heap, both sampled from 2004 to 2011, and a dataset of six sites along the roadside of a highway being renovated in 2009, sampled in 2008 and from 2010 to 2012. The datasets were analysed by studying correlations of species numbers with genus numbers and species based Shannon diversity with genus based Shannon diversity, testing compliance between species based and genera based similarity matrices, and comparing the information provided by ordination diagrams based on species information or genus information respectively. The results indicate that at least in our study a substantial amount of information provided by species data is still contained in the genus data, but information about fine graded differences between study sites gets lost. We conclude that, even if carabid genus information might be useful in some cases (e.g. preliminary biodiversity assessment), the limitation to higher taxonomic levels like the genus level has to be done with caution.
Attempts to obtain a micro-dispersion-based formulation insecticide were made. An aqueous micro-suspension of polystyrene had been used to trap pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin. A method of introducing the active substance into the polymer was developed. The biological efficiency of micro-emulsion of lambda-cyhalothrin with polystyrene was investigated.
The banana root borer Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is native to Malaysia and Indonesia but is found in nearly all banana-growing areas of the world. Studies were conducted to determine the pheromone trap efficacy, effect of shade on trap catches and to monitor the population of C. sordidus using pheromones in Guam. In Guam, pheromone traps were used to monitor the population level of C. sordidus. Before monitoring began, two basic studies were carried out, which established that pheromone-baited ramp traps positioned in the shade of the banana crop canopy caught significantly more adults than those placed in sunlight and that ramp traps baited with pheromone lures caught significantly more adults than did identical traps without pheromone lures. Ramp traps baited with pheromone lures were set up at each of 10 locations throughout the island in November 2005. Weekly counts were made of the borers caught by the pheromone traps. The data indicated higher population levels (>10 per week) in the northern region and low (<5 per week) to medium level (5-10 week) populations in the southern part of the island. These differences among sites were highly significant. Linear and quadratic effects of rainfall on the number of borers captured were statistically significant, but according to quadratic regression models, the significance was due to differences at just one site.
Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is one of the most important pests occurring in apple orchards in all regions of apple tree cultivation. A number of pest generations mainly depends on climatic conditions. Increasing frequency of chemical treatments led to acquisition of pest resistance to a considerable number of recommended plant protection products. Thus, considering apple orchard protection against the codling moth a special emphasis should be paid to proper selection of plant protection product and a treatment date based on flight dynamics monitoring of the pest. In Poland, a pheromone trap of „Delta” type is commonly used for the codling moth catches. The aim of presented study was to assess usefulness of different type of traps for monitoring dynamics of codling moth flights. Four chimney traps of different color (white, yellow, green of Medchem firm), one green trap of „English” type and a trap of „Delta” type as a standard were used. The experiments were performed in 2009 in apple orchards of 5 different localities (nerby Gdańsk, Poznań, Grójec, Sandomierz and Nowy Sącz). In each locality 2 replications (5 different types of traps in 2 orchards) were done. The results of performed experiments realed the highest efficacy of the following traps: „Delta” trap and chimney green trap, white the last effective was a trap of „English” type.