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The nuclear matrices of plant cell nuclei display an intrinsic nuclease activity which is capable of nicking supercoiled DNA. Recently a cDNA encoding the 14-3-3 protein from Cucurbita pepo has been cloned and sequenced. The evidence that the recombinant 14-3-3 protein associates with DNase I and endogenous plant nuclease is presented. Evidence is also presented that the cloned 14-3-3 protein isoform, unique in its binding to nuclease within the 14-3-3 family, is located in the nuclei and in the nuclear matrix. Transgenic potato plants were created where the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita was overexpressed. An increase in tuber number and a decrease in tuber size in the transformants was also observed. The adenine nucleotide pool in leaves of transgenic plants was significantly reduced and they contain more chlorophyll and loose it slower when grown in the dark. A decrease in 14-3-3 protein content concomitant with an increase in nuclease activity in senescent plants was detected and this was markedly delayed in transgenic potato plants which overexpressed the 14-3-3 protein. It is proposed that a function of the isolated 14-3-3 isoform is the control of the nuclease activity and hence senescence.
Recently transgenic potato plants were created where the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita pepo was overexpressed or potato endogenous 14-3-3 protein repressed. Detailed analysis of those plants suggested that a isolated 14-3-3 isoforms are involved in the control of plant senescence and carbohydrate metabolism. In this study carbohydrate content, adenine nucleotide level and catecholamine content in tubers and leaves of transgenic plants grown in greenhouse and in a field were compared. Overexpressing of 14-3-3 protein gave rise to increase catecholamine contents and soluble sugars in leaves and a reduction in tubers size and starch content. The repression of 14-3-3 synthesis led to opposite effect, a decrease in catecholamine, soluble sugars contents in leaves, and an increase in tubers size and starch content. It is proposed that 14-3-3 protein affects carbohydrate metabolism in potato via regulation of catecholamine synthesis.
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