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The structure and function of the epidural cavernous sinus and carotid rete (epidural cavernous sinuscarotid rete), located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, named by physiologists the perihypophyseal vascular complex was described. New new facts questioning the role of this vascular complex in the regulation of brain temperature was presented. However, its role in the recently discovered retrograde transfer of neurohormones (GnRH, oxytocin, β-endorphin, dopamine) from venous blood outflowing from the brain and hypophysis to the arterial blood supplying the brain and hypophysis as well as dependence of this transfer on the stage of reproductive processes in females was shown. Moreover, the participation of perihypophyseal vascular complex in the recently discovered destination transfer of male feromone from venous nasal blood to the arterial blood supplying the brain and hypophysis was presented. It was concluded that the perihypophyseal vascular complex plays a significant role in retrograde transfer of brain and hypophyseal neuropeptides and in the destination transfer of feromenes from the nasal cavity to the brain and hypophysis by humoral pathway. Both these processes participate in the regulation of reproduction in females.
The aim of the present study was to establish: a) whether PGE₂ can permeate from venous and lymphatic vessels of the mesometrium to arterial blood and be retrograde transferred to the uterine horn during the porcine oestrous cycle; and b) whether PGE₂ can reach the ovary and oviduct by local destination transfer. The experiments were performed on days 9-10 (middle luteal phase), 13-14 (initiation of luteolysis), 16-18 (follicular phase) of the oestrous cycle. [³H]PGE₂ at a total dose of 5.5 × 10⁷ d.p.m. (49 ng) was infused into the most superficial layer of the myometrium under the serosa. The results demonstrated the permeation of PGE₂ from venous blood, uterine lymph and mesometrial tissues into arterial blood and its retrograde transfer into the uterine horn. The efficiency of retrograde transfer of prostaglandin to the uterine horn was high in all phases of the oestrous cycle, excluding the period of luteolysis. The local destination transfer of PGE₂ from the uterus to the ovary and oviduct was also demonstrated. The efficiency of local destination transfer of PGE₂ to the ovary was the highest in the middle luteal phase. The authors conclude that retrograde and local destination transfer of PGE₂ may enable effective access of this hormone to target organs and reduce its outflow with venous blood.
A new stage in the knowledge of the role of blood and lymphatic vessels of the broad ligament in the regulation of the estrous cycle is presented. Contrary to common opinion, recent studies have shown that the destination transfer of prostaglandins F₂α and E₂ from the uterus to the ovary, as a result of the local morphological adaptation of mesometrial and mesovarian vasculature, is realized principally by lymph and lymphatic vessels of the broad ligament. The retrograde transfer of both prostaglandins from uterine lymph and venous blood to the uterine arterial blood take place in mesometrium. During the luteal phase of the estrous cycle retrograde transferred PGF₂α together with progesterone delivered with blood constricts the mesometrial artery and considerably reduces the uterine blood supply. This temporary local ischemia initiates cyclic reconstruction of the endometrium and changes its secretary function. Retrograde transfer of PGE₂ together with estradiol and embryo signals dilates of the mesometrial arterial vessels and increases uterine blood supply. Moreover, retrograde transfer of PGF₂α prevents cyclic and early pregnant corpus luteum against luteolysis. This mechanism is especially important in the regulation of the early pregnancy.
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