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Integrated quality management in food supply chain

100%
Traceability in solids is difficult to ensure, as in piece goods. The batch as a whole will change constantly mixing processes by their composition and size. For traceability not only an appropriate identification system but also an approach to batch management is required. The systems supporting traceability provides a sophisticated batch concept and a batch coding persecution of lots within a single company, between customer-supplier dyads, as well as along the entire distribution chain. The introduction of a traceability systems is connected with technical and organizational effort. In the event of an inter-company implementation further agreements with suppliers and/or customers are required. Is a traceability system implemented, but it offers flexible opportunities to share quality information and thus to improve quality across the entire grain chain.
Hungarian fresh vegetables and fruit sector underwent three essential restructuralization processes in the last two decades. One of the important components of the process was the change in official regulation, within which change in food quality and safety regulation was decisive. Analysis of the traceability system of Hungarian fresh vegetables and fruit sector was carried out on the basis of the TCE theory. The research was built on three primary researches: interviews with experts in official organization and in retail chains, as well a questionnaire surveys of producers' cooperatives and larger-scale producers.
Many of food affair which lowered the consumer protection and the trust of the consumer in the products happened in the last years. Reaction of the European legislator was remitting many regulations among others Regulations No. 178/2002 or 1935/2004 which put the product security and food legislation throughout Europe on the same base. The requirement should guarantee the full traceability of food demanding from each stage of supply chain marking of products and collecting data about the products. In this way tracking and tracing of food from the producers to industry and logistic services to final costumers will be possibly. One of the stage of the food supply chain is wholesale market which is used in this article as an example. The EAN Standard and EAN codes which help to fulfill the requirement of the European Parliament (178/2002) are the main focus. It will be shown what profits give the EAN code and how import this is for us, final costumers.
Research and practice are focusing on development, validation and harmonization of technologies and methodologies to ensure complete traceability process throughout the food chain. The main goals are: scale-up, implementation and validation of methods in whole food chains, assurance of authenticity, validity of labelling and application of HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point) to the entire food chain. The current review is to sum the scientific and technological basis for ensuring complete traceability. Tracing and tracking (traceability) of foods are complex processes due to the (bio)markers, technical solutions and different circumstances in different technologies which produces various foods (processed, semi-processed, or raw). Since the food is produced for human or animal consumption we need suitable markers to be stable and traceable all along the production chain. Specific biomarkers can have a function in technology and in nutrition. Such approach would make this development faster and more comprehensive and would make possible that food effect could be monitored with same set of biomarkers in consumer. This would help to develop and implement food safety standards that would be based on real physiological function of particular food component.
In the first part of the paper there is presented logistic and specially informational infrustucture based on the megatrendes influenced on the Eurpean Market. To rebuild traditional supply chains management are presented two main strategies, based on M. Porter’s: leader cost and heterogenity strategies applied to information technology environment. First of them is Transparency Strategy that improve chain effectiveness. The second one is Flexibility Strategy based on outsourcing techniques that gives possibility ”to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The Transparency Strategy is the main strategy and Flexibility Strategy is secondary strategy. The Traceability System is necessary to apply both upper strategies. It’s a part of GS1 system build in the informational environment.
Nano-biosensors could be defined as biosensors, which are combined with nanotechnology by using several techniques. This strategy could be seen as a key to yielding device which exhibits rapid responses combined with very high sensitivities. In recent years as consumer demand traceability and legislators and accountability in the food chain distribution has increased, the need for rapid and verifiable methods of food quality assurance has grown rapidly. Sensing technologies for food analysis including optical, chromatographic, colorimetric, etc. are employed. Biosensors allow the detection of analyte’s wide spectrum in complex sample matrices, and have shown great promise in areas such as food analysis, environmental monitoring and bioprocess. Biosensors can be divided into six groups which depend on the method of signal transduction: magnetic, optical, electrochemical, mass, thermal and micromechanical sensors. The aim of this paper is to present the directions of the development of nano-biosensors and their useability to detect a range of biological and chemical compounds in the food industry market.
Modern pig production needs new tools for fast, reliable, more effective breeding. In the present paper we present a chip containing 45 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) which enables the determining of 1 genetic disease (PSS – Porcine Stress Syndrome), 4 QTLs genes: PRKAG3, CAST, MC4R and ESR, which together with the remaining SNPs create a panel useful in marker-assisted selection and veterinary control. The SNPs were genotyped using the PCR-APEX (Arrayed Primer Extension) technique. Special attention is paid to evaluation of the 45 SNP chip as an alternative approach to parentage and identity control. Based on allele frequency estimations, for a sample of 88 individuals of commercial pig lines, the probabilities that a randomly chosen candidate parent would be excluded from paternity or maternity were estimated to be 99.9% when genotypes of both parents and a progeny were known, and 98% when the genotypes of only one parent and a piglet were available. The marker set presented here also reached a probability of identity in the order of 10-16, which allows for unequivocal discrimination of animals or their products among billions of individuals. Further improvements for upcoming chip versions were also considered.
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Polish farms in the light of quality requirements

67%
After the accession of Poland to the European Union farmers have to fulfil high food quality requirements. In accordance with the requirement 172/2002 of the European Commission, they should keep documentation regarding their part in the product’s flow in the food chain. This paper focuses particularly on the analysis to what degree requirements are satisfied by the analysed farms. A cluster analysis and a point assessment technique were used.
In order to ensure the appropriate food safety and health of consumers, suitable legal requirements and new quality standards are constantly being elaborated. The free trade exchange within the European Union made it necessary to unify food legislation and quality standards within the entire area of the EU. This publication outlines appropriate systems and standards functioning in the food industry as well as the legal basis for their application. Apart from systems which are compulsory in enterprises of the food industry, the article also discusses systems which individual enterprises implement voluntarily as well as informatics systems used to organize and manage the production and product traceability.
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