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Two therapeutical garlic oil macerates (in olive oil and shark liver oil) were studied in order to establish the amounts of pollutants. A quantitative analysis of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and nine organochlorine pesticides (lindan, HCB, DDT, DDE, DDD, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin) was carried out. The results of the experiments led to the conclusion that both oil macerates had low contents of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and some amounts of organochlorine pesticides (lindan, HCB, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin).
The present study was performed for the period of one year from January 2013 to December 2013 in order to understand the physico-chemical properties of sediments samples collected along the Mahul Creek of Mumbai. The annual average pH value of the creek sediments was recorded as 5.38. It is feared that such low pH value of sediment might increase the acidity of creek water thereby triggering the heavy metal toxicity which will further reduced survivorship in fish through chronic stress and affect the reproductive partner. The annual average salinity content of the sediment was recorded as 4601.17 ppm. It is important here to note that the high salinity of the sediment may increase the salinity level of creek water which is considered as a major stress factor for most freshwater organisms including crustaceans. The average annual concentration of phosphate in the creek sediment was found to 480.39 ppm. Such high concentration of phosphate in the creek sediments might accelerate the process of eutrophication. From the results it appears that as India moves towards stricter regulation of industrial effluents to control water pollution, greater efforts are required to reduce the risk due to the toxic pollutants which are released into the ecosystems.
The paper presents the structure of the database and methods for determining the necessary parameters of the properties of substances used for modeling the consequences of accidents at high-risk enterprises. The formulas for the approximation functions of thermophysical parameters and methods for obtaining the coefficients for them, as well as the formulas and methods for obtaining the coefficients for the specific characteristics of the dangers of flammable, toxic substances.
Intensive microbial growth on 4 nutrient media (containing glucose, starch, nutrient broth or peptone + yeast extract) in soil suspension experiments, changing pH (acidification or alkalization) caused partial liberation of Cd sorbed by soil particles to liquid phase. At the same time a considerable transformation of the solid phase Cd to soluble in 0.1 N NaOH form was observed. Increased Cd concentration in the alkaline extract was accompanied by decrease of the heavy metal extractability with DTPA. The mechanisms which might be responsible for the observed phenomena are discussed. The obtained results suggest that microbial action can simultaneously increase and decrease availability of Cd to plants.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of air pollution on pulmonary function parameters in healthy non-smoking young men. The study comprised 1,278 healthy, non-smoking young men (aged 18-23) living in Poland in regions with different levels of air pollution. The examined population was divided into three groups A, B, and C, based on low, moderate and high air pollution levels, respectively. Spirometry and bodyphletysmography at rest were performed by using of mobile lab PNEUMOBIL. Lung function parameters were analyzed and compared with respect to the level of air pollution. The mean values of the pulmonary function parameters were within the limits in all groups, but we observed statistically significant differences between the groups (lowest mean values in group C and the highest in group A). In all groups we found persons with significant airflow limitation in the central and peripheral bronchi, defined as the decrease of FEV1%FVC ratio <70 and FEV1<80% of predicted value (central bronchi), and FEV1%FVC ratio >70, FEF50<70% predicted (peripheral bronchi). The percentage of persons with airflow limitation in the central bronchi was in group A (0.3%), B (0.4%) and C (1.4%). The incidence of flow limitation in small bronchi was as follows: in group A (1.2%), B (0.5%) and C (6.7%). The majority of factors defining the capacity of lungs as well as the intensity of the airflow showed a negative correlation with the concentrations of the basic air pollution (SO2, NO2, PM10). Our study showed, for the first time, the influence of air pollution on pulmonary function parameters in healthy non-smoking young men in the Polish population.
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